Episode 65
Part One The Mystery of the Two Minds Have you ever walked into a kitchen, looked at the fridge, and completely forgotten why you went there in the first place? Or perhaps you have…
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Martin: Part One The Mystery of the Two Minds Have you ever walked into a kitchen, looked at the fridge, and completely forgotten why you went there in the first place?
Or perhaps you have made a quick emotional purchase online that felt right at the moment, but an hour later you realized it was a total mistake.
We often think we are the absolute masters of our own thoughts and that every choice we make is based on cold, hard
Julia: logic. But what if I told you that most of your life is actually run by a fast, emotional, and often invisible autopilot?
Welcome to Your English Toolbox, your slow English podcast where we train your ears step by step. I am Martin and I am Julia.
Julia, today we are exploring a masterpiece of psychology, Thinking Fast and Slow by the Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman. This is such a fundamental book for anyone interested in personal growth because
Martin: understanding how we think is the first step to thinking better.
In this episode, we will reveal the two characters that control your brain, explain why your intuition can sometimes be your worst enemy, and show you how to slow down your thinking to achieve better results in life and in English.
If you stay with us until the end, you will learn how to identify mental traps before they happen, you will improve your English vocabulary for psychology, and
Julia: you will discover a secret to making more confident decisions in your daily life.
Part Two Meeting the Fast and the Slow Imagine your brain is like a large company with two very different employees working in the same small office.
That is a great way to visualize it.
Who are these employees and why don't they get along?
The first employee is what Kahneman calls System One.
He is incredibly fast, he never sleeps, and he makes decisions in
Martin: a fraction of a second without you even noticing.
He is the one who handles the easy things, right?
Exactly.
When you see that two plus two equals four, that is System One providing the answer instantly.
When you read a person's facial expression and know they are angry before they open their mouth, that is also System One.
So System One is our intuition, our habits, and our survival instinct all rolled into one.
Yes, but the problem is
Julia: that System One loves to jump to conclusions, and it hates being confused.
And that is where the second employee comes in to save the day.
Precisely.
System Two is the slow, logical, and hard-working part of your brain.
He is the one you use when you are trying to learn a complex new grammar rule or calculate a difficult tip at a restaurant in a foreign currency.
But there is a major catch with System Two, isn't there?
There
Martin: is. System Two is what we call lazy.
Wait. Lazy is a very strong word to use for our logical mind.
It sounds like you are saying our brain prefers not to work hard if it can avoid it. That is exactly what the research suggests.
Thinking deeply takes a huge amount of physical energy. It actually burns calories and makes your pupils dilate.
So our brain tries to conserve energy by letting System One handle almost everything on autopilot.
Julia: Exactly.
We think we are making logical choices, but often we are just following the first fast thought that pops into our heads because System Two was too tired to check the facts.
One of the most fascinating and dangerous things System One does is create stories to explain the world.
We are natural storytellers, aren't we?
It helps us make sense of the chaos.
We are, but System One wants the story to be coherent and simple more than
Martin: it wants the story to be true.
Kahneman has a special acronym for this.
W-Y-S-I-A-T-I.
That sounds like a strange word.
What does it stand for in plain English?
It stands for what you see is all there is.
It means our brain takes the tiny amount of information we have and builds a complete certain picture of reality, ignoring everything we don't know.
For example, if I meet a new person and they are wearing a very expensive suit,
Julia: my System One might decide they are very intelligent and successful.
Exactly.
That is a classic example of the halo effect.
I can see how this is a huge trap for English learners.
Their System One creates a story of inferiority that can be very damaging to their confidence.
They would realize that speaking fast is just a habit, not a measure of intelligence.
Yes, but System Two is often taking a nap, so it just accepts the fast story
Martin: from System One without questioning it.
Let's talk about another trick our brain plays that marketers love to use.
Anchoring.
I have heard of this in business negotiations.
It is about the first number mentioned, right?
Exactly.
Kahneman showed that the first piece of information we receive acts like a heavy anchor in our minds.
If you walk into a boutique and see a watch that costs $2,000 and then you see one for $500, the second one feels like
Julia: a massive bargain.
But if you had seen a $50 watch first, the $500 one would seem incredibly expensive and overpriced.
Our brain doesn't look at the absolute value of the object.
It only looks at the relative value compared to that first anchor.
So our environment is constantly priming our brains to think in certain ways without us even realizing it.
It is happening every single second.
The words we hear, the music in a shop, even the temperature
Martin: of the room can pull our anchors in different directions.
This is why it is so important to be intentional about the English environment we create for ourselves.
If you only listen to news reports about how difficult and impossible English is, your anchor for your own potential will be very low and you will feel like you are failing because your brain has accepted a negative anchor as the truth.
That is a very powerful point, Julia.
By slowing
Julia: down and choosing slow English, you are setting a new realistic and positive anchor for your brain.
It allows System 2 to feel comfortable and safe instead of constantly stressed by high pressure anchors.
Part 5.
Loss Aversion.
Why we fear change.
Now we come to perhaps the most famous discovery in the book.
Loss Aversion.
This is the idea that the pain of losing is much stronger than the joy of gaining, isn't it?
Precisely.
For most humans, the
Martin: emotional pain of losing $100 is twice as powerful as the joy of finding $100.
Evolutionarily, that makes a lot of sense.
Losing your only food was a death sentence while finding extra food was just a bonus.
It was a perfect survival strategy for the jungle but it can be a disaster for personal growth in the modern world.
How does this specifically affect someone trying to improve their life or their English skills?
It makes us risk averse.
Julia: We stay in bad jobs or keep using inefficient study methods because we are terrified of what we might lose if we change.
Think about a student who is afraid to participate in a group discussion in English.
They aren't thinking about the gain of practice.
They are only thinking about the potential loss of their dignity if they make a mistake.
Exactly.
System 1 is shouting danger because it perceives a mistake as a loss of social status.
And
Martin: since System 2 is lazy, it doesn't step in to say, Hey, making a mistake is actually the only way to gain fluency.
We have to consciously reframe these situations to trick our brain into seeing the gain instead of the loss.
Part 6 The Battle of the Two Selves Kahneman also explores a very strange internal conflict between what he calls the experiencing self and the remembering self.
Wait, are you saying we have two different versions of our
Julia: own identity living inside our memories?
In a way, yes.
The experiencing self is the one who lives strictly in the present moment.
That is the self that feels the heat, the cold, or the joy of a conversation right now.
Exactly.
But here is the truly shocking part discovered in the book.
The remembering self is the one who makes all of your future decisions.
That sounds very unfair to the version of us that actually has to live
Martin: through the experience.
It is unfair because the remembering self follows a very specific rule called the peak end rule.
I think I have heard of this in psychology articles.
It means we only remember the most intense moment and the very last moment of an event.
Precisely.
You could have a two-week vacation where thirteen days were absolutely perfect and full of sunshine.
But if you lose your passport on the very last day, your remembering self will label
Julia: the entire trip as a disaster.
Exactly.
It completely ignores the long duration of the happiness and focuses only on the painful ending.
This explains why some people have one bad experience in an English class and decide they hate the language for the rest of their lives.
Their remembering self has created a negative story based on one peak of embarrassment.
They are ignoring all the small wins and the hours of successful learning they had before that moment.
Martin: We need to be much more kind to our experiencing self by reminding our memory of the good moments.
We do.
We need to realize that the stories our memory tells us are often biased and missing the full picture.
So we should intentionally celebrate the end of our study sessions to create a better memory?
That is a brilliant practical application for our friends listening.
Always end your English practice with something you enjoy so your remembering self wants
Julia: to come back tomorrow.
Part 7 The Availability Trap Why do we believe some things are very common while we think others are very rare?
Is it because we have looked at the statistics and the data like a scientist?
Almost never.
It is usually because of a shortcut called the availability heuristic.
That is a very technical term for a podcast.
What does it mean for a normal person in their daily life?
It means that if you can
Martin: remember an example of something easily, your brain decides that it must be very important.
This is why people are often more afraid of flying in a plane than they are of driving a car to the supermarket.
Exactly.
A plane crash is a loud, dramatic, and vivid story that stays in your memory easily.
While car accidents happen every day and are rarely reported as big, dramatic news stories.
Because the plane story is more available in your mind,
Julia: system one assumes it is a much bigger risk.
I see this happen with English learners when they think about their mistakes.
They remember that one time they used the wrong word and someone looked confused.
That memory is so available and loud that they think they make mistakes every time they open their mouth.
Even if they have spoken perfectly for the last three hours, that one loud memory dominates their thinking.
We are essentially victims of what is
Martin: most vivid and emotional in our minds.
So we have to use system two to look at the actual evidence instead of just our loudest memories.
Yes, we must ask ourselves if we are remembering the truth or just the most dramatic story.
Part 8 The planning fallacy and overconfidence.
Have you ever noticed that a project at work always takes twice as long as you originally thought?
Every single time.
I think I can finish a task in one
Julia: hour, but it always takes three or four.
Kahneman calls this the planning fallacy and it is a symptom of our natural overconfidence.
We are very bad at predicting the future because we only look at the best case scenario.
We ignore all the possible delays, mistakes, and interruptions that are guaranteed to happen.
This is why so many people give up on their goals, like learning a new language or starting a fitness routine.
They plan based on their
Martin: system one excitement, which tells them they can be fluent in three months.
And when reality doesn't match that fast story, they feel like they have failed personally.
If we use system two to look at how long it actually took other people, we would have much more realistic expectations.
But looking at data is boring and slow, so we prefer to listen to our own optimistic illusions.
We also suffer from the sunk cost fallacy, where we keep doing
Julia: something just because we have already invested time.
Like finishing a terrible book or staying in a class that isn't helping us learn at all.
Our brain hates the idea of wasting what we already spend, so it forces us to waste even more time.
It is so important to recognize when we are just throwing good time after bad time.
Sometimes the most logical thing to do is to stop and start something new.
Part nine, creating friction for
Martin: better decisions.
So the big question is, how do we actually start thinking slower in a world that is moving so fast?
It sounds like we need to create some friction in our decision making process.
That is the perfect word.
Friction is what slows down a car and we need it for our brains.
One way to do this is to simply wait before you speak or make a big purchase.
Kahneman suggests that we should always question our
Julia: first impressions.
When you feel that sudden gut feeling or strong certainty about something, that is your signal to stop.
Ask yourself, what would happen if the opposite of this thought were true? This forces system two to wake up and start looking for evidence in the real world.
Another technique is called the pre-mortem, where you imagine a project has already failed in the future.
That is brilliant.
It allows you to see the risks before they become real
Martin: problems today. It turns your overconfidence into a useful tool for planning.
And finally, we should accept that we will never be perfectly logical creatures like computers. We are humans and our biases are part of our identity and our history.
But being aware of the machine is the first step to mastering it. Every time you pause to think, you are exercising your system too and becoming a more intelligent learner.
Part 10 conclusion of the journey. Julia, it
Julia: has been an incredible journey through the mind of Daniel Kahneman today. I feel like I am walking away with a much clearer understanding of why I make mistakes.
We hope this episode helps you recognize the two characters living in your own head every day. Remember that thinking slow is not a weakness.
It is a sign of wisdom and mental strength. By giving your logical mind the time it needs, you are opening the door to better relationships
Martin: and better learning.
Do not be afraid to be the person who stops and says, let me think about that for a moment.
That one simple sentence can save you from years of regret and frustration.
Thank you for spending this time with us in the English toolbox.
We are so proud of the progress you are making by choosing to listen deeply to these concepts.
Keep practicing, keep questioning your autopilot, and keep moving forward step by step.
We
Julia: will see you in the next episode for more insights into your world and your English.
Thank you for listening.
Line by line: one English sentence, then its Español translation —
clearly separated, each with its own lang markup.
ENPart One The Mystery of the Two Minds Have you ever walked into a kitchen, looked at the fridge, and completely forgotten why you went there in the first place?
EspañolParte Uno El Misterio de las Dos Mentes ¿Alguna vez has entrado en una cocina, mirado el refrigerador y olvidado por completo por qué fuiste allí en primer lugar?
ENOr perhaps you have made a quick emotional purchase online that felt right at the moment, but an hour later you realized it was a total mistake.
EspañolO quizás has hecho una compra emocional rápida en línea que se sintió bien en ese momento, pero una hora después te diste cuenta de que fue un total error.
ENWe often think we are the absolute masters of our own thoughts and that every choice we make is based on cold, hard
EspañolA menudo pensamos que somos los maestros absolutos de nuestros propios pensamientos y que cada elección que hacemos se basa en lógica fría y dura.
ENlogic. But what if I told you that most of your life is actually run by a fast, emotional, and often invisible autopilot?
EspañolPero, ¿y si te dijera que la mayor parte de tu vida en realidad está dirigida por un piloto automático rápido, emocional y a menudo invisible? Bienvenido a Tu Caja de Herramientas en Inglés, tu podcast de inglés lento donde entrenamos tus oídos paso a paso.
ENWelcome to Your English Toolbox, your slow English podcast where we train your ears step by step. I am Martin and I am Julia.
EspañolSoy Martín y soy Julia.
ENJulia, today we are exploring a masterpiece of psychology, Thinking Fast and Slow by the Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman. This is such a fundamental book for anyone interested in personal growth because
EspañolJulia, hoy estamos explorando una obra maestra de la psicología, Pensar Rápido, Pensar Despacio del ganador del Premio Nobel Daniel Kahneman. Este es un libro fundamental para cualquier persona interesada en el crecimiento personal porque
ENunderstanding how we think is the first step to thinking better.
Españolentender cómo pensamos es el primer paso para pensar mejor.
ENIn this episode, we will reveal the two characters that control your brain, explain why your intuition can sometimes be your worst enemy, and show you how to slow down your thinking to achieve better results in life and in English.
EspañolEn este episodio, revelaremos los dos personajes que controlan tu cerebro, explicaremos por qué tu intuición a veces puede ser tu peor enemigo y te mostraremos cómo ralentizar tu pensamiento para lograr mejores resultados en la vida y en inglés.
ENIf you stay with us until the end, you will learn how to identify mental traps before they happen, you will improve your English vocabulary for psychology, and
EspañolSi te quedas con nosotros hasta el final, aprenderás a identificar trampas mentales antes de que sucedan, mejorarás tu vocabulario en inglés sobre psicología y
ENyou will discover a secret to making more confident decisions in your daily life.
Españoldescubrirás un secreto para tomar decisiones más seguras en tu vida diaria.
ENPart Two Meeting the Fast and the Slow Imagine your brain is like a large company with two very different employees working in the same small office.
EspañolParte Dos Conociendo al Rápido y al Lento Imagina que tu cerebro es como una gran empresa con dos empleados muy diferentes trabajando en la misma pequeña oficina.
ENThat is a great way to visualize it.
EspañolEsa es una gran manera de visualizarlo.
ENWho are these employees and why don't they get along?
Español¿Quiénes son estos empleados y por qué no se llevan bien?
ENThe first employee is what Kahneman calls System One.
EspañolEl primer empleado es lo que Kahneman llama Sistema Uno.
ENHe is incredibly fast, he never sleeps, and he makes decisions in
EspañolEs increíblemente rápido, nunca duerme y toma decisiones en
ENa fraction of a second without you even noticing.
Españoluna fracción de segundo sin que te des cuenta.
ENHe is the one who handles the easy things, right?
EspañolÉl es quien maneja las cosas fáciles, ¿verdad?
ENExactly.
EspañolExactamente.
ENWhen you see that two plus two equals four, that is System One providing the answer instantly.
EspañolCuando ves que dos más dos es igual a cuatro, ese es el Sistema Uno proporcionando la respuesta al instante.
ENWhen you read a person's facial expression and know they are angry before they open their mouth, that is also System One.
EspañolCuando lees la expresión facial de una persona y sabes que está enojada antes de que abra la boca, eso también es el Sistema Uno.
ENSo System One is our intuition, our habits, and our survival instinct all rolled into one.
EspañolAsí que el Sistema Uno es nuestra intuición, nuestros hábitos y nuestro instinto de supervivencia todo en uno.
ENYes, but the problem is
EspañolSí, pero el problema es
ENthat System One loves to jump to conclusions, and it hates being confused.
Españolque el Sistema Uno ama saltar a conclusiones y odia sentirse confundido.
ENAnd that is where the second employee comes in to save the day.
EspañolY ahí es donde entra el segundo empleado para salvar el día.
ENPrecisely.
EspañolPrecisamente.
ENSystem Two is the slow, logical, and hard-working part of your brain.
EspañolEl Sistema Dos es la parte lenta, lógica y trabajadora de tu cerebro.
ENHe is the one you use when you are trying to learn a complex new grammar rule or calculate a difficult tip at a restaurant in a foreign currency.
EspañolÉl es el que usas cuando intentas aprender una regla gramatical compleja o calcular una propina difícil en un restaurante en una moneda extranjera.
ENBut there is a major catch with System Two, isn't there?
EspañolPero hay un gran inconveniente con el Sistema Dos, ¿no es así?
ENThere
EspañolHay.
ENis. System Two is what we call lazy.
EspañolEl Sistema Dos es lo que llamamos perezoso. Espera.
ENWait. Lazy is a very strong word to use for our logical mind.
EspañolPerezoso es una palabra muy fuerte para usar para nuestra mente lógica. Suena como si dijeras que nuestro cerebro prefiere no trabajar duro si puede evitarlo.
ENIt sounds like you are saying our brain prefers not to work hard if it can avoid it. That is exactly what the research suggests.
EspañolEso es exactamente lo que sugiere la investigación.
ENThinking deeply takes a huge amount of physical energy. It actually burns calories and makes your pupils dilate.
EspañolPensar profundamente requiere una enorme cantidad de energía física. De hecho, quema calorías y hace que tus pupilas se dilaten.
ENSo our brain tries to conserve energy by letting System One handle almost everything on autopilot.
EspañolAsí que nuestro cerebro intenta conservar energía dejando que el Sistema Uno maneje casi todo en piloto automático.
ENExactly.
EspañolExactamente.
ENWe think we are making logical choices, but often we are just following the first fast thought that pops into our heads because System Two was too tired to check the facts.
EspañolPensamos que estamos tomando decisiones lógicas, pero a menudo solo seguimos el primer pensamiento rápido que aparece en nuestras cabezas porque el Sistema Dos estaba demasiado cansado para verificar los hechos.
ENOne of the most fascinating and dangerous things System One does is create stories to explain the world.
EspañolUna de las cosas más fascinantes y peligrosas que hace el Sistema Uno es crear historias para explicar el mundo.
ENWe are natural storytellers, aren't we?
EspañolSomos narradores naturales, ¿no?
ENIt helps us make sense of the chaos.
EspañolNos ayuda a darle sentido al caos.
ENWe are, but System One wants the story to be coherent and simple more than
EspañolLo somos, pero el Sistema Uno quiere que la historia sea coherente y simple más que
ENit wants the story to be true.
Españolquiere que la historia sea verdadera.
ENKahneman has a special acronym for this.
EspañolKahneman tiene un acrónimo especial para esto.
ENW-Y-S-I-A-T-I.
EspañolW-Y-S-I-A-T-I.
ENThat sounds like a strange word.
EspañolEso suena como una palabra extraña.
ENWhat does it stand for in plain English?
Español¿Qué significa en inglés sencillo?
ENIt stands for what you see is all there is.
EspañolSignifica lo que ves es todo lo que hay.
ENIt means our brain takes the tiny amount of information we have and builds a complete certain picture of reality, ignoring everything we don't know.
EspañolSignifica que nuestro cerebro toma la pequeña cantidad de información que tenemos y construye una imagen completa y cierta de la realidad, ignorando todo lo que no sabemos.
ENFor example, if I meet a new person and they are wearing a very expensive suit,
EspañolPor ejemplo, si conozco a una nueva persona y lleva un traje muy caro,
ENmy System One might decide they are very intelligent and successful.
Españolmi Sistema Uno podría decidir que es muy inteligente y exitosa.
ENExactly.
EspañolExactamente.
ENThat is a classic example of the halo effect.
EspañolEse es un ejemplo clásico del efecto halo.
ENI can see how this is a huge trap for English learners.
EspañolPuedo ver cómo esto es una gran trampa para los estudiantes de inglés.
ENTheir System One creates a story of inferiority that can be very damaging to their confidence.
EspañolSu Sistema Uno crea una historia de inferioridad que puede ser muy dañina para su confianza.
ENThey would realize that speaking fast is just a habit, not a measure of intelligence.
EspañolSe darían cuenta de que hablar rápido es solo un hábito, no una medida de inteligencia.
ENYes, but System Two is often taking a nap, so it just accepts the fast story
EspañolSí, pero el Sistema Dos a menudo está tomando una siesta, así que simplemente acepta la historia rápida
ENfrom System One without questioning it.
Españoldel Sistema Uno sin cuestionarla.
ENLet's talk about another trick our brain plays that marketers love to use.
EspañolHablemos de otro truco que juega nuestro cerebro que a los mercadólogos les encanta usar.
ENAnchoring.
EspañolAnclaje.
ENI have heard of this in business negotiations.
EspañolHe oído hablar de esto en negociaciones comerciales.
ENIt is about the first number mentioned, right?
EspañolSe trata del primer número mencionado, ¿verdad?
ENExactly.
EspañolExactamente.
ENKahneman showed that the first piece of information we receive acts like a heavy anchor in our minds.
EspañolKahneman mostró que la primera pieza de información que recibimos actúa como un ancla pesada en nuestras mentes.
ENIf you walk into a boutique and see a watch that costs $2,000 and then you see one for $500, the second one feels like
EspañolSi entras en una boutique y ves un reloj que cuesta $2,000 y luego ves uno por $500, el segundo parece
ENa massive bargain.
Españoluna gran ganga.
ENBut if you had seen a $50 watch first, the $500 one would seem incredibly expensive and overpriced.
EspañolPero si hubieras visto primero un reloj de $50, el de $500 parecería increíblemente caro y sobrevalorado.
ENOur brain doesn't look at the absolute value of the object.
EspañolNuestro cerebro no mira el valor absoluto del objeto.
ENIt only looks at the relative value compared to that first anchor.
EspañolSolo mira el valor relativo en comparación con ese primer ancla.
ENSo our environment is constantly priming our brains to think in certain ways without us even realizing it.
EspañolAsí que nuestro entorno está constantemente preparando nuestros cerebros para pensar de ciertas maneras sin que nos demos cuenta.
ENIt is happening every single second.
EspañolEstá sucediendo cada segundo.
ENThe words we hear, the music in a shop, even the temperature
EspañolLas palabras que escuchamos, la música en una tienda, incluso la temperatura
ENof the room can pull our anchors in different directions.
Españolde la habitación pueden tirar de nuestros anclajes en diferentes direcciones.
ENThis is why it is so important to be intentional about the English environment we create for ourselves.
EspañolPor eso es tan importante ser intencional sobre el entorno en inglés que creamos para nosotros mismos.
ENIf you only listen to news reports about how difficult and impossible English is, your anchor for your own potential will be very low and you will feel like you are failing because your brain has accepted a negative anchor as the truth.
EspañolSi solo escuchas reportes de noticias sobre lo difícil e imposible que es el inglés, tu ancla para tu propio potencial será muy baja y sentirás que estás fracasando porque tu cerebro ha aceptado un ancla negativa como la verdad.
ENThat is a very powerful point, Julia.
EspañolEse es un punto muy poderoso, Julia.
ENBy slowing
EspañolAl ralentizar
ENdown and choosing slow English, you are setting a new realistic and positive anchor for your brain.
Españoly elegir inglés lento, estás estableciendo un nuevo ancla realista y positiva para tu cerebro.
ENIt allows System 2 to feel comfortable and safe instead of constantly stressed by high pressure anchors.
EspañolPermite que el Sistema 2 se sienta cómodo y seguro en lugar de estar constantemente estresado por anclajes de alta presión.
ENPart 5.
EspañolParte 5.
ENLoss Aversion.
EspañolAversion a la Pérdida.
ENWhy we fear change.
EspañolPor qué tememos el cambio.
ENNow we come to perhaps the most famous discovery in the book.
EspañolAhora llegamos quizás al descubrimiento más famoso del libro.
ENLoss Aversion.
EspañolAversion a la Pérdida.
ENThis is the idea that the pain of losing is much stronger than the joy of gaining, isn't it?
EspañolEsta es la idea de que el dolor de perder es mucho más fuerte que la alegría de ganar, ¿no es así?
ENPrecisely.
EspañolPrecisamente.
ENFor most humans, the
EspañolPara la mayoría de los humanos, el
ENemotional pain of losing $100 is twice as powerful as the joy of finding $100.
Españoldolor emocional de perder $100 es el doble de poderoso que la alegría de encontrar $100.
ENEvolutionarily, that makes a lot of sense.
EspañolEvolutivamente, eso tiene mucho sentido.
ENLosing your only food was a death sentence while finding extra food was just a bonus.
EspañolPerder tu única comida era una sentencia de muerte mientras que encontrar comida extra era solo un bono.
ENIt was a perfect survival strategy for the jungle but it can be a disaster for personal growth in the modern world.
EspañolEra una estrategia de supervivencia perfecta para la jungla, pero puede ser un desastre para el crecimiento personal en el mundo moderno.
ENHow does this specifically affect someone trying to improve their life or their English skills?
Español¿Cómo afecta esto específicamente a alguien que intenta mejorar su vida o sus habilidades en inglés?
ENIt makes us risk averse.
EspañolNos hace aversos al riesgo.
ENWe stay in bad jobs or keep using inefficient study methods because we are terrified of what we might lose if we change.
EspañolNos quedamos en trabajos malos o seguimos usando métodos de estudio ineficientes porque estamos aterrorizados de lo que podríamos perder si cambiamos.
ENThink about a student who is afraid to participate in a group discussion in English.
EspañolPiensa en un estudiante que tiene miedo de participar en una discusión grupal en inglés.
ENThey aren't thinking about the gain of practice.
EspañolNo están pensando en la ganancia de practicar.
ENThey are only thinking about the potential loss of their dignity if they make a mistake.
EspañolSolo están pensando en la posible pérdida de su dignidad si cometen un error.
ENExactly.
EspañolExactamente.
ENSystem 1 is shouting danger because it perceives a mistake as a loss of social status.
EspañolEl Sistema 1 está gritando peligro porque percibe un error como una pérdida de estatus social.
ENAnd
EspañolY
ENsince System 2 is lazy, it doesn't step in to say, Hey, making a mistake is actually the only way to gain fluency.
Españolcomo el Sistema 2 es perezoso, no interviene para decir: Oye, cometer un error es en realidad la única manera de ganar fluidez.
ENWe have to consciously reframe these situations to trick our brain into seeing the gain instead of the loss.
EspañolTenemos que replantear conscientemente estas situaciones para engañar a nuestro cerebro y ver la ganancia en lugar de la pérdida.
ENPart 6 The Battle of the Two Selves Kahneman also explores a very strange internal conflict between what he calls the experiencing self and the remembering self.
EspañolParte 6 La Batalla de los Dos Yo Kahneman también explora un conflicto interno muy extraño entre lo que él llama el yo experimentador y el yo recordador.
ENWait, are you saying we have two different versions of our
EspañolEspera, ¿estás diciendo que tenemos dos versiones diferentes de nuestra
ENown identity living inside our memories?
Españolpropia identidad viviendo dentro de nuestros recuerdos?
ENIn a way, yes.
EspañolEn cierto modo, sí.
ENThe experiencing self is the one who lives strictly in the present moment.
EspañolEl yo experimentador es el que vive estrictamente en el momento presente.
ENThat is the self that feels the heat, the cold, or the joy of a conversation right now.
EspañolEse es el yo que siente el calor, el frío o la alegría de una conversación en este momento.
ENExactly.
EspañolExactamente.
ENBut here is the truly shocking part discovered in the book.
EspañolPero aquí está la parte verdaderamente impactante descubierta en el libro.
ENThe remembering self is the one who makes all of your future decisions.
EspañolEl yo recordador es el que toma todas tus decisiones futuras.
ENThat sounds very unfair to the version of us that actually has to live
EspañolEso suena muy injusto para la versión de nosotros que realmente tiene que vivir
ENthrough the experience.
Española través de la experiencia.
ENIt is unfair because the remembering self follows a very specific rule called the peak end rule.
EspañolEs injusto porque el yo recordador sigue una regla muy específica llamada la regla del pico y el final.
ENI think I have heard of this in psychology articles.
EspañolCreo que he oído hablar de esto en artículos de psicología.
ENIt means we only remember the most intense moment and the very last moment of an event.
EspañolSignifica que solo recordamos el momento más intenso y el último momento de un evento.
ENPrecisely.
EspañolPrecisamente.
ENYou could have a two-week vacation where thirteen days were absolutely perfect and full of sunshine.
EspañolPodrías tener unas vacaciones de dos semanas donde trece días fueron absolutamente perfectos y llenos de sol.
ENBut if you lose your passport on the very last day, your remembering self will label
EspañolPero si pierdes tu pasaporte en el último día, tu yo recordador etiquetará
ENthe entire trip as a disaster.
Españoltodo el viaje como un desastre.
ENExactly.
EspañolExactamente.
ENIt completely ignores the long duration of the happiness and focuses only on the painful ending.
EspañolIgnora por completo la larga duración de la felicidad y se enfoca solo en el doloroso final.
ENThis explains why some people have one bad experience in an English class and decide they hate the language for the rest of their lives.
EspañolEsto explica por qué algunas personas tienen una mala experiencia en una clase de inglés y deciden que odian el idioma por el resto de sus vidas.
ENTheir remembering self has created a negative story based on one peak of embarrassment.
EspañolSu yo recordador ha creado una historia negativa basada en un pico de vergüenza.
ENThey are ignoring all the small wins and the hours of successful learning they had before that moment.
EspañolEstán ignorando todas las pequeñas victorias y las horas de aprendizaje exitoso que tuvieron antes de ese momento.
ENWe need to be much more kind to our experiencing self by reminding our memory of the good moments.
EspañolNecesitamos ser mucho más amables con nuestro yo experimentador recordando a nuestra memoria los buenos momentos.
ENWe do.
EspañolLo hacemos.
ENWe need to realize that the stories our memory tells us are often biased and missing the full picture.
EspañolNecesitamos darnos cuenta de que las historias que nuestra memoria nos cuenta a menudo están sesgadas y faltan el cuadro completo.
ENSo we should intentionally celebrate the end of our study sessions to create a better memory?
EspañolEntonces, ¿deberíamos celebrar intencionalmente el final de nuestras sesiones de estudio para crear un mejor recuerdo?
ENThat is a brilliant practical application for our friends listening.
EspañolEsa es una aplicación práctica brillante para nuestros amigos que escuchan.
ENAlways end your English practice with something you enjoy so your remembering self wants
EspañolSiempre termina tu práctica de inglés con algo que disfrutes para que tu yo recordador quiera
ENto come back tomorrow.
Españolvolver mañana.
ENPart 7 The Availability Trap Why do we believe some things are very common while we think others are very rare?
EspañolParte 7 La Trampa de la Disponibilidad ¿Por qué creemos que algunas cosas son muy comunes mientras que pensamos que otras son muy raras?
ENIs it because we have looked at the statistics and the data like a scientist?
Español¿Es porque hemos mirado las estadísticas y los datos como un científico?
ENAlmost never.
EspañolCasi nunca.
ENIt is usually because of a shortcut called the availability heuristic.
EspañolGeneralmente es por un atajo llamado la heurística de disponibilidad.
ENThat is a very technical term for a podcast.
EspañolEse es un término muy técnico para un podcast.
ENWhat does it mean for a normal person in their daily life?
Español¿Qué significa para una persona normal en su vida diaria?
ENIt means that if you can
EspañolSignifica que si puedes
ENremember an example of something easily, your brain decides that it must be very important.
Españolrecordar un ejemplo de algo fácilmente, tu cerebro decide que debe ser muy importante.
ENThis is why people are often more afraid of flying in a plane than they are of driving a car to the supermarket.
EspañolPor eso las personas a menudo tienen más miedo de volar en un avión que de conducir un automóvil al supermercado.
ENExactly.
EspañolExactamente.
ENA plane crash is a loud, dramatic, and vivid story that stays in your memory easily.
EspañolUn accidente aéreo es una historia ruidosa, dramática y vívida que se queda en tu memoria fácilmente.
ENWhile car accidents happen every day and are rarely reported as big, dramatic news stories.
EspañolMientras que los accidentes automovilísticos ocurren todos los días y rara vez se informan como grandes historias dramáticas.
ENBecause the plane story is more available in your mind,
EspañolDebido a que la historia del avión es más disponible en tu mente,
ENsystem one assumes it is a much bigger risk.
Españolel sistema uno asume que es un riesgo mucho mayor.
ENI see this happen with English learners when they think about their mistakes.
EspañolVeo esto suceder con los estudiantes de inglés cuando piensan en sus errores.
ENThey remember that one time they used the wrong word and someone looked confused.
EspañolRecuerdan esa vez que usaron la palabra incorrecta y alguien se vio confundido.
ENThat memory is so available and loud that they think they make mistakes every time they open their mouth.
EspañolEse recuerdo es tan disponible y ruidoso que piensan que cometen errores cada vez que abren la boca.
ENEven if they have spoken perfectly for the last three hours, that one loud memory dominates their thinking.
EspañolIncluso si han hablado perfectamente durante las últimas tres horas, ese único recuerdo ruidoso domina su pensamiento.
ENWe are essentially victims of what is
EspañolSomos esencialmente víctimas de lo que es
ENmost vivid and emotional in our minds.
Españolmás vívido y emocional en nuestras mentes.
ENSo we have to use system two to look at the actual evidence instead of just our loudest memories.
EspañolAsí que tenemos que usar el sistema dos para mirar las pruebas reales en lugar de solo nuestros recuerdos más ruidosos.
ENYes, we must ask ourselves if we are remembering the truth or just the most dramatic story.
EspañolSí, debemos preguntarnos si estamos recordando la verdad o solo la historia más dramática.
ENPart 8 The planning fallacy and overconfidence.
EspañolParte 8 La falacia de planificación y la sobreconfianza.
ENHave you ever noticed that a project at work always takes twice as long as you originally thought?
Español¿Alguna vez has notado que un proyecto en el trabajo siempre toma el doble de tiempo de lo que pensabas originalmente?
ENEvery single time.
EspañolCada vez.
ENI think I can finish a task in one
EspañolCreo que puedo terminar una tarea en una
ENhour, but it always takes three or four.
Españolhora, pero siempre toma tres o cuatro.
ENKahneman calls this the planning fallacy and it is a symptom of our natural overconfidence.
EspañolKahneman llama a esto la falacia de planificación y es un síntoma de nuestra natural sobreconfianza.
ENWe are very bad at predicting the future because we only look at the best case scenario.
EspañolSomos muy malos para predecir el futuro porque solo miramos el mejor escenario posible.
ENWe ignore all the possible delays, mistakes, and interruptions that are guaranteed to happen.
EspañolIgnoramos todos los posibles retrasos, errores e interrupciones que están garantizados que sucederán.
ENThis is why so many people give up on their goals, like learning a new language or starting a fitness routine.
EspañolPor eso tantas personas abandonan sus metas, como aprender un nuevo idioma o comenzar una rutina de ejercicios.
ENThey plan based on their
EspañolPlanifican basándose en su
ENsystem one excitement, which tells them they can be fluent in three months.
Españolemoción del sistema uno, que les dice que pueden ser fluidos en tres meses.
ENAnd when reality doesn't match that fast story, they feel like they have failed personally.
EspañolY cuando la realidad no coincide con esa historia rápida, sienten que han fracasado personalmente.
ENIf we use system two to look at how long it actually took other people, we would have much more realistic expectations.
EspañolSi usamos el sistema dos para ver cuánto tiempo realmente tomó a otras personas, tendríamos expectativas mucho más realistas.
ENBut looking at data is boring and slow, so we prefer to listen to our own optimistic illusions.
EspañolPero mirar datos es aburrido y lento, así que preferimos escuchar nuestras propias ilusiones optimistas.
ENWe also suffer from the sunk cost fallacy, where we keep doing
EspañolTambién sufrimos de la falacia del costo hundido, donde seguimos haciendo
ENsomething just because we have already invested time.
Españolalgo solo porque ya hemos invertido tiempo.
ENLike finishing a terrible book or staying in a class that isn't helping us learn at all.
EspañolComo terminar un libro terrible o quedarnos en una clase que no nos ayuda a aprender en absoluto.
ENOur brain hates the idea of wasting what we already spend, so it forces us to waste even more time.
EspañolNuestro cerebro odia la idea de desperdiciar lo que ya hemos gastado, así que nos obliga a desperdiciar aún más tiempo.
ENIt is so important to recognize when we are just throwing good time after bad time.
EspañolEs muy importante reconocer cuándo solo estamos tirando buen tiempo tras mal tiempo.
ENSometimes the most logical thing to do is to stop and start something new.
EspañolA veces, lo más lógico que se puede hacer es detenerse y comenzar algo nuevo.
ENPart nine, creating friction for
EspañolParte nueve, creando fricción para
ENbetter decisions.
Españolmejores decisiones.
ENSo the big question is, how do we actually start thinking slower in a world that is moving so fast?
EspañolAsí que la gran pregunta es, ¿cómo comenzamos a pensar más despacio en un mundo que se mueve tan rápido?
ENIt sounds like we need to create some friction in our decision making process.
EspañolParece que necesitamos crear algo de fricción en nuestro proceso de toma de decisiones.
ENThat is the perfect word.
EspañolEsa es la palabra perfecta.
ENFriction is what slows down a car and we need it for our brains.
EspañolLa fricción es lo que frena un automóvil y la necesitamos para nuestros cerebros.
ENOne way to do this is to simply wait before you speak or make a big purchase.
EspañolUna forma de hacerlo es simplemente esperar antes de hablar o hacer una gran compra.
ENKahneman suggests that we should always question our
EspañolKahneman sugiere que siempre deberíamos cuestionar nuestras
ENfirst impressions.
Españolprimeras impresiones. Cuando sientes esa repentina corazonada o fuerte certeza sobre algo, esa es tu señal para detenerte.
ENWhen you feel that sudden gut feeling or strong certainty about something, that is your signal to stop.
EspañolPregúntate, ¿qué pasaría si lo opuesto de este pensamiento fuera cierto? Esto obliga al sistema dos a despertarse y comenzar a buscar evidencia en el mundo real. Otra técnica se llama el pre-mortem, donde imaginas que un proyecto ya ha fallado en el futuro.
ENAsk yourself, what would happen if the opposite of this thought were true? This forces system two to wake up and start looking for evidence in the real world.
EspañolEso es brillante. Te permite ver los riesgos antes de que se conviertan en problemas reales hoy. Convierte tu sobreconfianza en una herramienta útil para la planificación. Y finalmente, debemos aceptar que nunca seremos criaturas perfectamente lógicas como las computadoras. Somos humanos y nuestros sesgos son parte de nuestra identidad y nuestra historia. Pero ser conscientes de la máquina es el primer paso para dominarla.
ENAnother technique is called the pre-mortem, where you imagine a project has already failed in the future.
EspañolCada vez que te detienes a pensar, estás ejercitando tu sistema dos y convirtiéndote en un aprendiz más inteligente. Parte 10 conclusión del viaje.
ENThat is brilliant.
EspañolJulia, ha sido un viaje increíble a través de la mente de Daniel Kahneman hoy. Siento que me voy con una comprensión mucho más clara de por qué cometo errores. Esperamos que este episodio te ayude a reconocer a los dos personajes que viven en tu propia cabeza todos los días.
ENIt allows you to see the risks before they become real
EspañolRecuerda que pensar despacio no es una debilidad. Es una señal de sabiduría y fortaleza mental. Al darle a tu mente lógica el tiempo que necesita, estás abriendo la puerta a mejores relaciones
ENproblems today. It turns your overconfidence into a useful tool for planning.
Españoly un mejor aprendizaje. No tengas miedo de ser la persona que se detiene y dice, déjame pensar en eso por un momento.
ENAnd finally, we should accept that we will never be perfectly logical creatures like computers. We are humans and our biases are part of our identity and our history.
EspañolEsa simple frase puede salvarte de años de arrepentimiento y frustración. Gracias por pasar este tiempo con nosotros en la caja de herramientas en inglés.
ENBut being aware of the machine is the first step to mastering it. Every time you pause to think, you are exercising your system too and becoming a more intelligent learner.
EspañolEstamos muy orgullosos del progreso que estás haciendo al elegir escuchar profundamente estos conceptos.
ENPart 10 conclusion of the journey. Julia, it
EspañolSigue practicando, sigue cuestionando tu piloto automático y sigue avanzando paso a paso. Te
ENhas been an incredible journey through the mind of Daniel Kahneman today. I feel like I am walking away with a much clearer understanding of why I make mistakes.
Españolha sido un viaje increíble por la mente de Daniel Kahneman hoy. Siento que me voy con una comprensión mucho más clara de por qué cometo errores.
ENWe hope this episode helps you recognize the two characters living in your own head every day. Remember that thinking slow is not a weakness.
EspañolEsperamos que este episodio te ayude a reconocer los dos personajes que viven en tu propia cabeza cada día. Recuerda que pensar despacio no es una debilidad.
ENIt is a sign of wisdom and mental strength. By giving your logical mind the time it needs, you are opening the door to better relationships
EspañolEs una señal de sabiduría y fortaleza mental. Al darle a tu mente lógica el tiempo que necesita, estás abriendo la puerta a mejores relaciones
ENand better learning.
Españoly un mejor aprendizaje.
ENDo not be afraid to be the person who stops and says, let me think about that for a moment.
EspañolNo tengas miedo de ser la persona que para y dice: déjame pensar en eso un momento.
ENThat one simple sentence can save you from years of regret and frustration.
EspañolEsa simple frase puede salvarte de años de arrepentimiento y frustración.
ENThank you for spending this time with us in the English toolbox.
EspañolGracias por pasar este tiempo con nosotros en tu English Toolbox.
ENWe are so proud of the progress you are making by choosing to listen deeply to these concepts.
EspañolEstamos muy orgullosos del progreso que estás haciendo al elegir escuchar profundamente estos conceptos.
ENKeep practicing, keep questioning your autopilot, and keep moving forward step by step.
EspañolSigue practicando, sigue cuestionando tu piloto automático y sigue avanzando paso a paso.
ENWe
EspañolNos
ENwill see you in the next episode for more insights into your world and your English.
Españolveremos en el próximo episodio con más reflexiones sobre tu mundo y tu inglés.
ENThank you for listening.
EspañolGracias por escucharnos.
Line by line: one English sentence, then its Deutsch translation —
clearly separated, each with its own lang markup.
ENPart One The Mystery of the Two Minds Have you ever walked into a kitchen, looked at the fridge, and completely forgotten why you went there in the first place? Or perhaps you have made a quick emotional purchase online that felt right at the moment, but an hour later you realized it was a total mistake.
DeutschTeil Eins Das Geheimnis der zwei Geister. Hast du jemals eine Küche betreten, den Kühlschrank angesehen und völlig vergessen, warum du überhaupt dort hingegangen bist? Oder hast du vielleicht einen schnellen emotionalen Kauf online getätigt, der sich im Moment richtig anfühlte, aber eine Stunde später hast du erkannt, dass es ein totaler Fehler war.
ENWe often think we are the absolute masters of our own thoughts and that every choice we make is based on cold, hard
DeutschWir denken oft, dass wir die absoluten Meister unserer eigenen Gedanken sind und dass jede Entscheidung, die wir treffen, auf kalter, harter Logik basiert.
ENlogic. But what if I told you that most of your life is actually run by a fast, emotional, and often invisible autopilot?
DeutschAber was wäre, wenn ich dir sagen würde, dass der Großteil deines Lebens tatsächlich von einem schnellen, emotionalen und oft unsichtbaren Autopiloten gesteuert wird? Willkommen bei deinem English Toolbox, deinem langsamen Englisch-Podcast, in dem wir deine Ohren Schritt für Schritt trainieren.
ENWelcome to Your English Toolbox, your slow English podcast where we train your ears step by step. I am Martin and I am Julia.
DeutschIch bin Martin und ich bin Julia.
ENJulia, today we are exploring a masterpiece of psychology, Thinking Fast and Slow by the Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman. This is such a fundamental book for anyone interested in personal growth because
DeutschJulia, heute erkunden wir ein Meisterwerk der Psychologie, "Schnelles Denken, langsames Denken" von dem Nobelpreisträger Daniel Kahneman. Dies ist ein so fundamentales Buch für jeden, der an persönlichem Wachstum interessiert ist, denn
ENunderstanding how we think is the first step to thinking better.
Deutschdas Verständnis, wie wir denken, ist der erste Schritt zu besserem Denken.
ENIn this episode, we will reveal the two characters that control your brain, explain why your intuition can sometimes be your worst enemy, and show you how to slow down your thinking to achieve better results in life and in English.
DeutschIn dieser Episode werden wir die zwei Charaktere enthüllen, die dein Gehirn steuern, erklären, warum deine Intuition manchmal dein schlimmster Feind sein kann, und dir zeigen, wie du dein Denken verlangsamen kannst, um bessere Ergebnisse im Leben und im Englisch zu erzielen.
ENIf you stay with us until the end, you will learn how to identify mental traps before they happen, you will improve your English vocabulary for psychology, and
DeutschWenn du bis zum Ende bei uns bleibst, wirst du lernen, wie du mentale Fallen erkennen kannst, bevor sie passieren, du wirst deinen englischen Wortschatz für Psychologie verbessern und
ENyou will discover a secret to making more confident decisions in your daily life. Part Two Meeting the Fast and the Slow Imagine your brain is like a large company with two very different employees working in the same small office.
Deutschdu wirst ein Geheimnis entdecken, um in deinem täglichen Leben selbstbewusster Entscheidungen zu treffen. Teil Zwei Treffen der Schnelle und der Langsame.
ENThat is a great way to visualize it. Who are these employees and why don't they get along?
DeutschStell dir vor, dein Gehirn ist wie ein großes Unternehmen mit zwei sehr unterschiedlichen Mitarbeitern, die im selben kleinen Büro arbeiten. Das ist eine großartige Möglichkeit, es zu visualisieren. Wer sind diese Mitarbeiter und warum verstehen sie sich nicht?
ENThe first employee is what Kahneman calls System One. He is incredibly fast, he never sleeps, and he makes decisions in
DeutschDer erste Mitarbeiter ist das, was Kahneman System Eins nennt. Er ist unglaublich schnell, schläft nie und trifft Entscheidungen in
ENa fraction of a second without you even noticing.
Deutscheiner Sekunde, ohne dass du es überhaupt bemerkst.
ENHe is the one who handles the easy things, right?
DeutschEr ist derjenige, der die einfachen Dinge erledigt, oder?
ENExactly.
DeutschGenau.
ENWhen you see that two plus two equals four, that is System One providing the answer instantly.
DeutschWenn du siehst, dass zwei plus zwei vier ergibt, ist das System Eins, das die Antwort sofort liefert.
ENWhen you read a person's facial expression and know they are angry before they open their mouth, that is also System One.
DeutschWenn du den Gesichtsausdruck einer Person liest und weißt, dass sie wütend ist, bevor sie den Mund aufmacht, ist das auch System Eins.
ENSo System One is our intuition, our habits, and our survival instinct all rolled into one.
DeutschAlso ist System Eins unsere Intuition, unsere Gewohnheiten und unser Überlebensinstinkt in einem.
ENYes, but the problem is
DeutschJa, aber das Problem ist,
ENthat System One loves to jump to conclusions, and it hates being confused.
Deutschdass System Eins es liebt, voreilige Schlüsse zu ziehen, und es hasst es, verwirrt zu sein.
ENAnd that is where the second employee comes in to save the day.
DeutschUnd genau da kommt der zweite Mitarbeiter ins Spiel, um den Tag zu retten.
ENPrecisely.
DeutschGenau.
ENSystem Two is the slow, logical, and hard-working part of your brain.
DeutschSystem Zwei ist der langsame, logische und fleißige Teil deines Gehirns.
ENHe is the one you use when you are trying to learn a complex new grammar rule or calculate a difficult tip at a restaurant in a foreign currency.
DeutschEr ist derjenige, den du benutzt, wenn du versuchst, eine komplexe neue Grammatikregel zu lernen oder ein schwieriges Trinkgeld in einem Restaurant in einer Fremdwährung zu berechnen.
ENBut there is a major catch with System Two, isn't there?
DeutschAber es gibt einen großen Haken bei System Zwei, nicht wahr?
ENThere
DeutschEs
ENis.
Deutschgibt ihn.
ENSystem Two is what we call lazy.
DeutschSystem Zwei ist das, was wir faul nennen.
ENWait.
DeutschWarte.
ENLazy is a very strong word to use for our logical mind.
DeutschFaul ist ein sehr starkes Wort, um unseren logischen Verstand zu beschreiben.
ENIt sounds like you are saying our brain prefers not to work hard if it can avoid it.
DeutschEs klingt so, als würdest du sagen, unser Gehirn zieht es vor, nicht hart zu arbeiten, wenn es das vermeiden kann.
ENThat is exactly what the research suggests.
DeutschGenau das legt die Forschung nahe.
ENThinking deeply takes a huge amount of physical energy.
DeutschTiefes Denken erfordert eine enorme Menge an körperlicher Energie.
ENIt actually burns calories and makes your pupils dilate.
DeutschEs verbrennt tatsächlich Kalorien und lässt deine Pupillen sich erweitern.
ENSo our brain tries to conserve energy by letting System One handle almost everything on autopilot.
DeutschAlso versucht unser Gehirn, Energie zu sparen, indem es System Eins fast alles im Autopilot überlassen lässt.
ENExactly.
DeutschGenau.
ENWe think we are making logical choices, but often we are just following the first fast thought that pops into our heads because System Two was too tired to check the facts.
DeutschWir denken, wir treffen logische Entscheidungen, aber oft folgen wir nur dem ersten schnellen Gedanken, der uns in den Kopf kommt, weil System Zwei zu müde war, um die Fakten zu überprüfen.
ENOne of the most fascinating and dangerous things System One does is create stories to explain the world.
DeutschEine der faszinierendsten und gefährlichsten Dinge, die System Eins tut, ist, Geschichten zu kreieren, um die Welt zu erklären.
ENWe are natural storytellers, aren't we?
DeutschWir sind natürliche Geschichtenerzähler, nicht wahr?
ENIt helps us make sense of the chaos.
DeutschEs hilft uns, das Chaos zu verstehen.
ENWe are, but System One wants the story to be coherent and simple more than
DeutschDas sind wir, aber System Eins möchte, dass die Geschichte kohärent und einfach ist, mehr als
ENit wants the story to be true.
Deutsches möchte, dass die Geschichte wahr ist.
ENKahneman has a special acronym for this.
DeutschKahneman hat ein spezielles Akronym dafür.
ENW-Y-S-I-A-T-I.
DeutschW-Y-S-I-A-T-I.
ENThat sounds like a strange word.
DeutschDas klingt wie ein seltsames Wort.
ENWhat does it stand for in plain English?
DeutschWas bedeutet es in einfachem Englisch?
ENIt stands for what you see is all there is.
DeutschEs steht für "Was du siehst, ist alles, was es gibt".
ENIt means our brain takes the tiny amount of information we have and builds a complete certain picture of reality, ignoring everything we don't know.
DeutschEs bedeutet, dass unser Gehirn die winzige Menge an Informationen, die wir haben, nimmt und ein vollständiges, sicheres Bild der Realität aufbaut, während es alles ignoriert, was wir nicht wissen.
ENFor example, if I meet a new person and they are wearing a very expensive suit,
DeutschZum Beispiel, wenn ich eine neue Person treffe und sie einen sehr teuren Anzug trägt,
ENmy System One might decide they are very intelligent and successful.
Deutschkann mein System Eins entscheiden, dass sie sehr intelligent und erfolgreich ist.
ENExactly.
DeutschGenau.
ENThat is a classic example of the halo effect.
DeutschDas ist ein klassisches Beispiel für den Halo-Effekt.
ENI can see how this is a huge trap for English learners.
DeutschIch kann sehen, wie das eine riesige Falle für Englischlerner ist.
ENTheir System One creates a story of inferiority that can be very damaging to their confidence.
DeutschIhr System Eins kreiert eine Geschichte der Unterlegenheit, die ihrem Selbstbewusstsein sehr schaden kann.
ENThey would realize that speaking fast is just a habit, not a measure of intelligence.
DeutschSie würden erkennen, dass schnelles Sprechen nur eine Gewohnheit ist, kein Maß für Intelligenz.
ENYes, but System Two is often taking a nap, so it just accepts the fast story
DeutschJa, aber System Zwei macht oft ein Nickerchen, also akzeptiert es einfach die schnelle Geschichte
ENfrom System One without questioning it.
Deutschvon System Eins, ohne sie zu hinterfragen.
ENLet's talk about another trick our brain plays that marketers love to use.
DeutschLass uns über einen anderen Trick sprechen, den unser Gehirn spielt und den Vermarkter gerne nutzen.
ENAnchoring.
DeutschVerankerung.
ENI have heard of this in business negotiations.
DeutschIch habe davon in Geschäftsgesprächen gehört.
ENIt is about the first number mentioned, right?
DeutschEs geht um die erste genannte Zahl, richtig?
ENExactly.
DeutschGenau.
ENKahneman showed that the first piece of information we receive acts like a heavy anchor in our minds.
DeutschKahneman zeigte, dass das erste Stück Information, das wir erhalten, wie ein schwerer Anker in unserem Geist wirkt.
ENIf you walk into a boutique and see a watch that costs $2,000 and then you see one for $500, the second one feels like
DeutschWenn du in eine Boutique gehst und eine Uhr siehst, die 2.000 Dollar kostet, und dann eine für 500 Dollar siehst, fühlt sich die zweite wie
ENa massive bargain.
Deutschein riesiges Schnäppchen an.
ENBut if you had seen a $50 watch first, the $500 one would seem incredibly expensive and overpriced.
DeutschAber wenn du zuerst eine 50-Dollar-Uhr gesehen hättest, würde die 500-Dollar-Uhr unglaublich teuer und überteuert erscheinen.
ENOur brain doesn't look at the absolute value of the object.
DeutschUnser Gehirn betrachtet nicht den absoluten Wert des Objekts.
ENIt only looks at the relative value compared to that first anchor.
DeutschEs betrachtet nur den relativen Wert im Vergleich zu diesem ersten Anker.
ENSo our environment is constantly priming our brains to think in certain ways without us even realizing it.
DeutschAlso prägt unsere Umgebung ständig unsere Gehirne, um auf bestimmte Weise zu denken, ohne dass wir es überhaupt merken.
ENIt is happening every single second.
DeutschEs passiert jede Sekunde.
ENThe words we hear, the music in a shop, even the temperature
DeutschDie Worte, die wir hören, die Musik in einem Geschäft, sogar die Temperatur
ENof the room can pull our anchors in different directions.
Deutschdes Raumes können unsere Anker in verschiedene Richtungen ziehen.
ENThis is why it is so important to be intentional about the English environment we create for ourselves.
DeutschDeshalb ist es so wichtig, bewusst über die englische Umgebung nachzudenken, die wir für uns selbst schaffen.
ENIf you only listen to news reports about how difficult and impossible English is, your anchor for your own potential will be very low and you will feel like you are failing because your brain has accepted a negative anchor as the truth.
DeutschWenn du nur Nachrichtenberichte hörst, wie schwierig und unmöglich Englisch ist, wird dein Anker für dein eigenes Potenzial sehr niedrig sein und du wirst das Gefühl haben, dass du scheiterst, weil dein Gehirn einen negativen Anker als Wahrheit akzeptiert hat.
ENThat is a very powerful point, Julia.
DeutschDas ist ein sehr wichtiger Punkt, Julia.
ENBy slowing
DeutschIndem du
ENdown and choosing slow English, you are setting a new realistic and positive anchor for your brain.
Deutschlangsam machst und langsames Englisch wählst, setzt du einen neuen realistischen und positiven Anker für dein Gehirn.
ENIt allows System 2 to feel comfortable and safe instead of constantly stressed by high pressure anchors.
DeutschEs ermöglicht System 2, sich wohl und sicher zu fühlen, anstatt ständig von hohen Druckankern gestresst zu sein.
ENPart 5.
DeutschTeil 5.
ENLoss Aversion.
DeutschVerlustaversion.
ENWhy we fear change.
DeutschWarum wir Veränderungen fürchten.
ENNow we come to perhaps the most famous discovery in the book.
DeutschJetzt kommen wir vielleicht zur bekanntesten Entdeckung im Buch.
ENLoss Aversion.
DeutschVerlustaversion.
ENThis is the idea that the pain of losing is much stronger than the joy of gaining, isn't it?
DeutschDas ist die Idee, dass der Schmerz des Verlusts viel stärker ist als die Freude des Gewinns, nicht wahr?
ENPrecisely.
DeutschGenau.
ENFor most humans, the
DeutschFür die meisten Menschen ist der
ENemotional pain of losing $100 is twice as powerful as the joy of finding $100.
Deutschemotionale Schmerz, 100 Dollar zu verlieren, doppelt so stark wie die Freude, 100 Dollar zu finden.
ENEvolutionarily, that makes a lot of sense.
DeutschEvolutionär macht das viel Sinn.
ENLosing your only food was a death sentence while finding extra food was just a bonus.
DeutschDein einziges Essen zu verlieren, war ein Todesurteil, während das Finden von zusätzlichem Essen nur ein Bonus war.
ENIt was a perfect survival strategy for the jungle but it can be a disaster for personal growth in the modern world.
DeutschEs war eine perfekte Überlebensstrategie für den Dschungel, aber es kann eine Katastrophe für persönliches Wachstum in der modernen Welt sein.
ENHow does this specifically affect someone trying to improve their life or their English skills?
DeutschWie betrifft das konkret jemanden, der versucht, sein Leben oder seine Englischkenntnisse zu verbessern?
ENIt makes us risk averse.
DeutschEs macht uns risikoscheu.
ENWe stay in bad jobs or keep using inefficient study methods because we are terrified of what we might lose if we change.
DeutschWir bleiben in schlechten Jobs oder verwenden ineffiziente Lernmethoden, weil wir Angst haben, was wir verlieren könnten, wenn wir uns ändern.
ENThink about a student who is afraid to participate in a group discussion in English.
DeutschDenk an einen Schüler, der Angst hat, an einer Gruppendiskussion auf Englisch teilzunehmen.
ENThey aren't thinking about the gain of practice.
DeutschEr denkt nicht an den Gewinn von Übung.
ENThey are only thinking about the potential loss of their dignity if they make a mistake.
DeutschEr denkt nur an den potenziellen Verlust seiner Würde, wenn er einen Fehler macht.
ENExactly.
DeutschGenau.
ENSystem 1 is shouting danger because it perceives a mistake as a loss of social status.
DeutschSystem Eins schreit Gefahr, weil es einen Fehler als Verlust des sozialen Status wahrnimmt.
ENAnd
DeutschUnd
ENsince System 2 is lazy, it doesn't step in to say, Hey, making a mistake is actually the only way to gain fluency.
Deutschda System Zwei faul ist, tritt es nicht ein, um zu sagen: "Hey, einen Fehler zu machen ist eigentlich der einzige Weg, um fließend zu werden." Wir müssen diese Situationen bewusst umformulieren, um unser Gehirn dazu zu bringen, den Gewinn statt den Verlust zu sehen.
ENWe have to consciously reframe these situations to trick our brain into seeing the gain instead of the loss.
DeutschTeil 6 Der Kampf der zwei Selbst.
ENPart 6 The Battle of the Two Selves Kahneman also explores a very strange internal conflict between what he calls the experiencing self and the remembering self.
DeutschKahneman untersucht auch einen sehr seltsamen inneren Konflikt zwischen dem, was er das erlebende Selbst und das erinnernde Selbst nennt.
ENWait, are you saying we have two different versions of our
DeutschWarte, sagst du, wir haben zwei verschiedene Versionen unserer
ENown identity living inside our memories?
Deutscheigenen Identität, die in unseren Erinnerungen leben?
ENIn a way, yes.
DeutschIn gewisser Weise ja.
ENThe experiencing self is the one who lives strictly in the present moment.
DeutschDas erlebende Selbst ist das, das strikt im gegenwärtigen Moment lebt.
ENThat is the self that feels the heat, the cold, or the joy of a conversation right now.
DeutschDas ist das Selbst, das die Hitze, die Kälte oder die Freude eines Gesprächs gerade jetzt fühlt.
ENExactly.
DeutschGenau.
ENBut here is the truly shocking part discovered in the book.
DeutschAber hier ist der wirklich schockierende Teil, der im Buch entdeckt wurde.
ENThe remembering self is the one who makes all of your future decisions.
DeutschDas erinnernde Selbst ist das, das all deine zukünftigen Entscheidungen trifft.
ENThat sounds very unfair to the version of us that actually has to live
DeutschDas klingt sehr unfair für die Version von uns, die tatsächlich durch die Erfahrung leben muss.
ENthrough the experience. It is unfair because the remembering self follows a very specific rule called the peak end rule.
DeutschEs ist unfair, weil das erinnernde Selbst einer sehr spezifischen Regel folgt, die als Peak-End-Regel bekannt ist. Ich glaube, ich habe davon in psychologischen Artikeln gehört. Es bedeutet, dass wir nur den intensivsten Moment und den allerletzten Moment eines Ereignisses erinnern.
ENI think I have heard of this in psychology articles. It means we only remember the most intense moment and the very last moment of an event.
DeutschIch glaube, ich habe davon in Psychologieartikeln gehört. Es bedeutet, dass wir uns nur an den intensivsten Moment und den allerletzten Moment eines Ereignisses erinnern.
ENPrecisely. You could have a two-week vacation where thirteen days were absolutely perfect and full of sunshine.
DeutschGenau. Du könntest einen zweiwöchigen Urlaub haben, bei dem dreizehn Tage absolut perfekt und voller Sonnenschein waren.
ENBut if you lose your passport on the very last day, your remembering self will label
DeutschAber wenn du am letzten Tag deinen Reisepass verlierst, wird dein erinnerndes Selbst
ENthe entire trip as a disaster.
Deutschdie gesamte Reise als Katastrophe bezeichnen.
ENExactly.
DeutschGenau.
ENIt completely ignores the long duration of the happiness and focuses only on the painful ending.
DeutschEs ignoriert vollständig die lange Dauer des Glücks und konzentriert sich nur auf das schmerzhafte Ende.
ENThis explains why some people have one bad experience in an English class and decide they hate the language for the rest of their lives.
DeutschDas erklärt, warum manche Menschen eine schlechte Erfahrung in einem Englischkurs machen und entscheiden, dass sie die Sprache für den Rest ihres Lebens hassen.
ENTheir remembering self has created a negative story based on one peak of embarrassment.
DeutschIhr erinnerndes Selbst hat eine negative Geschichte basierend auf einem Höhepunkt der Verlegenheit geschaffen.
ENThey are ignoring all the small wins and the hours of successful learning they had before that moment.
DeutschSie ignorieren all die kleinen Erfolge und die Stunden erfolgreichen Lernens, die sie vor diesem Moment hatten.
ENWe need to be much more kind to our experiencing self by reminding our memory of the good moments. We do.
DeutschWir müssen viel freundlicher zu unserem erlebenden Selbst sein, indem wir unser Gedächtnis an die guten Momente erinnern. Das tun wir.
ENWe need to realize that the stories our memory tells us are often biased and missing the full picture. So we should intentionally celebrate the end of our study sessions to create a better memory?
DeutschWir müssen erkennen, dass die Geschichten, die uns unser Gedächtnis erzählt, oft verzerrt sind und das vollständige Bild fehlt. Also sollten wir bewusst das Ende unserer Lernsitzungen feiern, um eine bessere Erinnerung zu schaffen?
ENThat is a brilliant practical application for our friends listening. Always end your English practice with something you enjoy so your remembering self wants
DeutschDas ist eine brillante praktische Anwendung für unsere zuhörenden Freunde. Beende deine Englischübung immer mit etwas, das dir Spaß macht, damit dein erinnerndes Selbst
ENto come back tomorrow. Part 7 The Availability Trap Why do we believe some things are very common while we think others are very rare?
Deutschmorgen zurückkommen möchte. Teil 7: Die Verfügbarkeitsfalle. Warum glauben wir, dass manche Dinge sehr häufig sind, während wir andere für sehr selten halten?
ENIs it because we have looked at the statistics and the data like a scientist? Almost never.
DeutschIst es, weil wir die Statistiken und Daten wie ein Wissenschaftler untersucht haben? Fast nie.
ENIt is usually because of a shortcut called the availability heuristic. That is a very technical term for a podcast.
DeutschEs liegt meistens an einer Abkürzung, die man Verfügbarkeitsheuristik nennt. Das ist ein sehr technischer Begriff für einen Podcast.
ENWhat does it mean for a normal person in their daily life? It means that if you can
DeutschWas bedeutet das für eine normale Person in ihrem Alltag? Es bedeutet, dass wenn du
ENremember an example of something easily, your brain decides that it must be very important.
Deutschdich leicht an ein Beispiel für etwas erinnern kannst, dein Gehirn entscheidet, dass es sehr wichtig sein muss.
ENThis is why people are often more afraid of flying in a plane than they are of driving a car to the supermarket.
DeutschDeshalb haben Menschen oft mehr Angst vor dem Fliegen in einem Flugzeug als vor dem Autofahren zum Supermarkt.
ENExactly.
DeutschGenau.
ENA plane crash is a loud, dramatic, and vivid story that stays in your memory easily.
DeutschEin Flugzeugabsturz ist eine laute, dramatische und lebendige Geschichte, die leicht in deinem Gedächtnis bleibt.
ENWhile car accidents happen every day and are rarely reported as big, dramatic news stories.
DeutschWährend Autounfälle täglich passieren und selten als große, dramatische Nachrichtengeschichten berichtet werden.
ENBecause the plane story is more available in your mind,
DeutschWeil die Flugzeuggeschichte in deinem Gedächtnis präsenter ist,
ENsystem one assumes it is a much bigger risk. I see this happen with English learners when they think about their mistakes.
Deutschgeht System Eins davon aus, dass es ein viel größeres Risiko ist. Ich sehe das bei Englischlernern, wenn sie über ihre Fehler nachdenken.
ENThey remember that one time they used the wrong word and someone looked confused. That memory is so available and loud that they think they make mistakes every time they open their mouth.
DeutschSie erinnern sich an das eine Mal, als sie das falsche Wort verwendeten und jemand verwirrt aussah. Diese Erinnerung ist so präsent und laut, dass sie glauben, jedes Mal einen Fehler zu machen, wenn sie den Mund aufmachen.
ENEven if they have spoken perfectly for the last three hours, that one loud memory dominates their thinking. We are essentially victims of what is
DeutschAuch wenn sie die letzten drei Stunden perfekt gesprochen haben, dominiert diese eine laute Erinnerung ihr Denken. Wir sind im Wesentlichen Opfer von dem, was
ENmost vivid and emotional in our minds. So we have to use system two to look at the actual evidence instead of just our loudest memories.
Deutscham lebendigsten und emotionalsten in unserem Kopf ist. Wir müssen also System Zwei verwenden, um uns die tatsächlichen Beweise anzusehen, statt nur unsere lautesten Erinnerungen.
ENYes, we must ask ourselves if we are remembering the truth or just the most dramatic story. Part 8 The planning fallacy and overconfidence.
DeutschJa, wir müssen uns fragen, ob wir uns an die Wahrheit erinnern oder nur an die dramatischste Geschichte. Teil 8: Die Planungsfehlschluss und Überkonfidenz.
ENHave you ever noticed that a project at work always takes twice as long as you originally thought? Every single time.
DeutschHast du jemals bemerkt, dass ein Projekt bei der Arbeit immer doppelt so lange dauert, wie du ursprünglich dachtest? Jedes Mal.
ENI think I can finish a task in one
DeutschIch denke, ich kann eine Aufgabe in einer
ENhour, but it always takes three or four. Kahneman calls this the planning fallacy and it is a symptom of our natural overconfidence.
DeutschStunde erledigen, aber es dauert immer drei oder vier. Kahneman nennt das den Planungsfehlschluss und es ist ein Symptom unserer natürlichen Überkonfidenz.
ENWe are very bad at predicting the future because we only look at the best case scenario. We ignore all the possible delays, mistakes, and interruptions that are guaranteed to happen.
DeutschWir sind sehr schlecht darin, die Zukunft vorherzusagen, weil wir nur das beste Szenario betrachten. Wir ignorieren alle möglichen Verzögerungen, Fehler und Unterbrechungen, die mit Sicherheit passieren werden.
ENThis is why so many people give up on their goals, like learning a new language or starting a fitness routine. They plan based on their
DeutschDeshalb geben so viele Menschen ihre Ziele auf, wie das Erlernen einer neuen Sprache oder das Beginnen einer Fitnessroutine. Sie planen basierend auf ihrer
ENsystem one excitement, which tells them they can be fluent in three months. And when reality doesn't match that fast story, they feel like they have failed personally.
DeutschSystem-Eins-Begeisterung, die ihnen sagt, dass sie in drei Monaten fließend sprechen können. Und wenn die Realität nicht mit dieser schnellen Geschichte übereinstimmt, fühlen sie sich persönlich gescheitert.
ENIf we use system two to look at how long it actually took other people, we would have much more realistic expectations. But looking at data is boring and slow, so we prefer to listen to our own optimistic illusions.
DeutschWenn wir System Zwei verwenden, um uns anzusehen, wie lange es tatsächlich andere Menschen gebraucht haben, hätten wir viel realistischere Erwartungen. Aber Daten anzuschauen ist langweilig und langsam, also hören wir lieber auf unsere eigenen optimistischen Illusionen.
ENWe also suffer from the sunk cost fallacy, where we keep doing
DeutschWir leiden auch unter dem Versunkene-Kosten-Trugschluss, bei dem wir weitermachen
ENsomething just because we have already invested time. Like finishing a terrible book or staying in a class that isn't helping us learn at all.
Deutschmit etwas nur weil wir bereits Zeit investiert haben. Wie das Beenden eines schrecklichen Buches oder das Bleiben in einem Kurs, der uns überhaupt nicht beim Lernen hilft.
ENOur brain hates the idea of wasting what we already spend, so it forces us to waste even more time. It is so important to recognize when we are just throwing good time after bad time.
DeutschUnser Gehirn hasst die Idee, das zu verschwenden, was wir bereits ausgegeben haben, also zwingt es uns, noch mehr Zeit zu verschwenden. Es ist so wichtig zu erkennen, wann wir nur gute Zeit hinter schlechter Zeit herwerfen.
ENSometimes the most logical thing to do is to stop and start something new. Part nine, creating friction for
DeutschManchmal ist das Logischste, was wir tun können, aufzuhören und etwas Neues anzufangen. Teil neun: Reibung für
ENbetter decisions.
Deutschbessere Entscheidungen schaffen.
ENSo the big question is, how do we actually start thinking slower in a world that is moving so fast?
DeutschAlso ist die große Frage: Wie beginnen wir tatsächlich, langsamer zu denken in einer Welt, die sich so schnell bewegt?
ENIt sounds like we need to create some friction in our decision making process.
DeutschEs klingt, als müssten wir etwas Reibung in unseren Entscheidungsprozess einbauen.
ENThat is the perfect word.
DeutschDas ist das perfekte Wort.
ENFriction is what slows down a car and we need it for our brains.
DeutschReibung ist das, was ein Auto verlangsamt, und wir brauchen sie für unsere Gehirne.
ENOne way to do this is to simply wait before you speak or make a big purchase.
DeutschEine Möglichkeit dafür ist es, einfach zu warten, bevor du sprichst oder einen großen Kauf tätigst.
ENKahneman suggests that we should always question our
DeutschKahneman schlägt vor, dass wir immer unsere
ENfirst impressions. When you feel that sudden gut feeling or strong certainty about something, that is your signal to stop.
Deutschersten Eindrücke hinterfragen sollten. Wenn du dieses plötzliche Bauchgefühl oder eine starke Gewissheit über etwas spürst, ist das dein Signal anzuhalten.
ENAsk yourself, what would happen if the opposite of this thought were true? This forces system two to wake up and start looking for evidence in the real world.
DeutschFrag dich selbst: Was würde passieren, wenn das Gegenteil dieses Gedankens wahr wäre? Das zwingt System Zwei aufzuwachen und nach Beweisen in der realen Welt zu suchen.
ENAnother technique is called the pre-mortem, where you imagine a project has already failed in the future. That is brilliant.
DeutschEine weitere Technik heißt Pre-Mortem, bei der du dir vorstellst, dass ein Projekt in der Zukunft bereits gescheitert ist. Das ist brillant.
ENIt allows you to see the risks before they become real
DeutschEs ermöglicht dir, die Risiken zu sehen, bevor sie zu echten
ENproblems today. It turns your overconfidence into a useful tool for planning.
DeutschProblemen werden. Es verwandelt deine Überkonfidenz in ein nützliches Werkzeug zur Planung.
ENAnd finally, we should accept that we will never be perfectly logical creatures like computers. We are humans and our biases are part of our identity and our history.
DeutschUnd schließlich sollten wir akzeptieren, dass wir niemals vollkommen logische Wesen wie Computer sein werden. Wir sind Menschen und unsere Vorurteile sind Teil unserer Identität und Geschichte.
ENBut being aware of the machine is the first step to mastering it. Every time you pause to think, you are exercising your system too and becoming a more intelligent learner.
DeutschAber sich der Maschine bewusst zu sein, ist der erste Schritt zur Beherrschung. Jedes Mal, wenn du innehältst um zu denken, trainierst du dein System Zwei und wirst ein intelligenterer Lerner.
ENPart 10 conclusion of the journey. Julia, it
DeutschTeil 10: Fazit der Reise. Julia, es
ENhas been an incredible journey through the mind of Daniel Kahneman today.
Deutschwar eine unglaubliche Reise durch den Geist von Daniel Kahneman heute.
ENI feel like I am walking away with a much clearer understanding of why I make mistakes.
DeutschIch habe das Gefühl, dass ich mit einem viel klareren Verständnis davon gehe, warum ich Fehler mache.
ENWe hope this episode helps you recognize the two characters living in your own head every day.
DeutschWir hoffen, dass diese Episode dir hilft, die zwei Charaktere zu erkennen, die jeden Tag in deinem Kopf leben.
ENRemember that thinking slow is not a weakness.
DeutschDenk daran, dass langsames Denken keine Schwäche ist.
ENIt is a sign of wisdom and mental strength.
DeutschEs ist ein Zeichen von Weisheit und geistiger Stärke.
ENBy giving your logical mind the time it needs, you are opening the door to better relationships
DeutschIndem du deinem logischen Verstand die Zeit gibst, die er braucht, öffnest du die Tür zu besseren Beziehungen
ENand better learning. Do not be afraid to be the person who stops and says, let me think about that for a moment.
Deutschund besserem Lernen. Sei keine Angst davor, die Person zu sein, die anhält und sagt: Lass mich kurz darüber nachdenken.
ENThat one simple sentence can save you from years of regret and frustration. Thank you for spending this time with us in the English toolbox.
DeutschDieser eine einfache Satz kann dich vor Jahren des Bedauerns und der Frustration bewahren. Danke, dass du diese Zeit mit uns in der English Toolbox verbracht hast.
ENWe are so proud of the progress you are making by choosing to listen deeply to these concepts. Keep practicing, keep questioning your autopilot, and keep moving forward step by step.
DeutschWir sind so stolz auf den Fortschritt, den du machst, indem du dich entscheidest, tief auf diese Konzepte zu hören. Übe weiter, hinterfrage weiter deinen Autopiloten und bewege dich weiter Schritt für Schritt vorwärts.
ENWe
DeutschWir
ENwill see you in the next episode for more insights into your world and your English.
Deutschsehen uns in der nächsten Episode für weitere Einblicke in deine Welt und dein Englisch.
ENThank you for listening.
DeutschDanke fürs Zuhören.
Line by line: one English sentence, then its فارسی translation —
clearly separated, each with its own lang markup.
ENPart One The Mystery of the Two Minds Have you ever walked into a kitchen, looked at the fridge, and completely forgotten why you went there in the first place?
فارسیقسمت اول: معمای دو ذهن.
ENOr perhaps you have made a quick emotional purchase online that felt right at the moment, but an hour later you realized it was a total mistake.
فارسیآیا تا به حال وارد یک آشپزخانه شدهاید، به یخچال نگاه کردهاید و کاملاً فراموش کردهاید که چرا در ابتدا به آنجا رفتهاید؟ یا شاید خرید احساسی سریعی آنلاین کردهاید که در آن لحظه درست به نظر میرسید، اما یک ساعت بعد متوجه شدهاید که این یک اشتباه کامل بوده است.
ENWe often think we are the absolute masters of our own thoughts and that every choice we make is based on cold, hard
فارسیما اغلب فکر میکنیم که مطلقاً تسلط کامل بر افکار خود داریم و هر انتخابی که میکنیم بر اساس منطق سرد و سخت است.
ENlogic. But what if I told you that most of your life is actually run by a fast, emotional, and often invisible autopilot?
فارسیاما اگر به شما بگویم که بیشتر زندگیتان در واقع توسط یک کنترل خودکار سریع، احساسی و اغلب نامرئی اداره میشود؟ به جعبه ابزار انگلیسی خود خوش آمدید، پادکست انگلیسی آرام شما که در آن به تدریج گوشهای خود را تمرین میکنیم.
ENWelcome to Your English Toolbox, your slow English podcast where we train your ears step by step. I am Martin and I am Julia.
فارسیمن مارتین هستم و من جولیا. جولیا، امروز ما در حال بررسی یک شاهکار روانشناسی، "تفکر سریع و کند" اثر برنده جایزه نوبل دانیل کانمن هستیم.
ENJulia, today we are exploring a masterpiece of psychology, Thinking Fast and Slow by the Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman. This is such a fundamental book for anyone interested in personal growth because
فارسیاین کتاب برای هر کسی که به رشد شخصی علاقهمند است، بسیار بنیادی است زیرا
ENunderstanding how we think is the first step to thinking better.
فارسیدرک اینکه چگونه فکر میکنیم، اولین قدم برای بهتر فکر کردن است.
ENIn this episode, we will reveal the two characters that control your brain, explain why your intuition can sometimes be your worst enemy, and show you how to slow down your thinking to achieve better results in life and in English.
فارسیدر این قسمت، ما دو شخصیت را که کنترل مغز شما را بر عهده دارند، معرفی خواهیم کرد، توضیح خواهیم داد که چرا شهود شما گاهی میتواند بدترین دشمن شما باشد و به شما نشان خواهیم داد که چگونه تفکر خود را کند کنید تا نتایج بهتری در زندگی و زبان انگلیسی به دست آورید.
ENIf you stay with us until the end, you will learn how to identify mental traps before they happen, you will improve your English vocabulary for psychology, and
فارسیاگر تا پایان با ما بمانید، یاد خواهید گرفت که چگونه تلههای ذهنی را قبل از وقوع شناسایی کنید، دایره واژگان انگلیسی خود را برای روانشناسی بهبود ببخشید و
ENyou will discover a secret to making more confident decisions in your daily life.
فارسییک راز برای اتخاذ تصمیمات مطمئنتر در زندگی روزمرهتان کشف خواهید کرد.
ENPart Two Meeting the Fast and the Slow Imagine your brain is like a large company with two very different employees working in the same small office.
فارسیقسمت دوم: ملاقات با سریع و کند. تصور کنید مغز شما مانند یک شرکت بزرگ است که دو کارمند بسیار متفاوت در همان دفتر کوچک کار میکنند.
ENThat is a great way to visualize it.
فارسیاین روش بسیار خوبی برای تجسم آن است.
ENWho are these employees and why don't they get along?
فارسیاین کارمندان چه کسانی هستند و چرا با هم کنار نمیآیند؟
ENThe first employee is what Kahneman calls System One.
فارسیکارمند اول چیزی است که کانمن آن را سیستم یک مینامد.
ENHe is incredibly fast, he never sleeps, and he makes decisions in
فارسیاو فوقالعاده سریع است، هرگز نمیخوابد و در
ENa fraction of a second without you even noticing.
فارسییک لحظه بدون اینکه متوجه شوید، تصمیم میگیرد.
ENHe is the one who handles the easy things, right?
فارسیاو کسی است که کارهای آسان را مدیریت میکند، درست است؟
ENExactly.
فارسیدقیقاً.
ENWhen you see that two plus two equals four, that is System One providing the answer instantly.
فارسیوقتی میبینید که دو به علاوه دو برابر چهار است، این سیستم یک است که بهطور فوری پاسخ میدهد.
ENWhen you read a person's facial expression and know they are angry before they open their mouth, that is also System One.
فارسیوقتی که شما حالت چهره یک نفر را میخوانید و میدانید که او عصبانی است قبل از اینکه دهانش را باز کند، این هم سیستم یک است.
ENSo System One is our intuition, our habits, and our survival instinct all rolled into one.
فارسیبنابراین سیستم یک شهود ما، عادتهای ما و غریزه بقای ما را در یکجا جمع میکند.
ENYes, but the problem is
فارسیبله، اما مشکل این است که
ENthat System One loves to jump to conclusions, and it hates being confused. And that is where the second employee comes in to save the day.
فارسیسیستم یک عاشق این است که به نتیجهگیریهای سریع برسد و از گیج شدن متنفر است. و اینجاست که کارمند دوم برای نجات روز وارد عمل میشود.
ENPrecisely. System Two is the slow, logical, and hard-working part of your brain.
فارسیدقیقاً.
ENHe is the one you use when you are trying to learn a complex new grammar rule or calculate a difficult tip at a restaurant in a foreign currency. But there is a major catch with System Two, isn't there?
فارسیسیستم دو بخش کند، منطقی و سختکوش مغز شماست. او کسی است که وقتی سعی میکنید یک قاعده گرامری پیچیده جدید را یاد بگیرید یا انعامی دشوار را در یک رستوران با ارز خارجی محاسبه کنید، از او استفاده میکنید.
ENThere
فارسیاما یک مشکل بزرگ با سیستم دو وجود دارد، درست است؟
ENis.
فارسیوجود دارد.
ENSystem Two is what we call lazy.
فارسیسیستم دو را ما تنبل مینامیم.
ENWait.
فارسیصبر کنید.
ENLazy is a very strong word to use for our logical mind.
فارسیتنبل یک کلمه بسیار قوی برای توصیف ذهن منطقی ماست.
ENIt sounds like you are saying our brain prefers not to work hard if it can avoid it.
فارسیبه نظر میرسد که شما میگویید مغز ما ترجیح میدهد اگر بتواند از کار سخت اجتناب کند.
ENThat is exactly what the research suggests.
فارسیاین دقیقاً همان چیزی است که تحقیقات نشان میدهد.
ENThinking deeply takes a huge amount of physical energy.
فارسیفکر کردن عمیق به مقدار زیادی انرژی فیزیکی نیاز دارد.
ENIt actually burns calories and makes your pupils dilate.
فارسیاین واقعاً کالری میسوزاند و مردمکهای شما را گشاد میکند.
ENSo our brain tries to conserve energy by letting System One handle almost everything on autopilot.
فارسیبنابراین مغز ما سعی میکند انرژی را با اجازه دادن به سیستم یک برای مدیریت تقریباً همه چیز بهصورت خودکار حفظ کند.
ENExactly. We think we are making logical choices, but often we are just following the first fast thought that pops into our heads because System Two was too tired to check the facts.
فارسیدقیقاً. ما فکر میکنیم که داریم انتخابهای منطقی میکنیم، اما اغلب فقط از اولین فکر سریع که به ذهنمان میرسد پیروی میکنیم زیرا سیستم دو خیلی خسته بود که حقایق را بررسی کند. یکی از جذابترین و خطرناکترین کارهایی که سیستم یک انجام میدهد، ایجاد داستانهایی برای توضیح جهان است.
ENOne of the most fascinating and dangerous things System One does is create stories to explain the world. We are natural storytellers, aren't we?
فارسیما داستانسرایان طبیعی هستیم، درست است؟ این به ما کمک میکند تا از هرج و مرج سر در بیاوریم. هستیم، اما سیستم یک میخواهد داستان همخوان و ساده باشد بیشتر از اینکه بخواهد داستان درست باشد. کانمن یک اختصار ویژه برای این دارد.
ENIt helps us make sense of the chaos. We are, but System One wants the story to be coherent and simple more than
فارسیW-Y-S-I-A-T-I. این به نظر یک کلمه عجیب میرسد. در زبان ساده انگلیسی چه معنایی دارد؟
ENit wants the story to be true. Kahneman has a special acronym for this.
فارسیاین به معنای این است که آنچه میبینید، تمام چیزی است که وجود دارد.
ENW-Y-S-I-A-T-I. That sounds like a strange word.
فارسیاین بدان معناست که مغز ما مقدار کمی از اطلاعاتی که داریم را میگیرد و یک تصویر کامل و قطعی از واقعیت میسازد و هر چیزی را که نمیدانیم نادیده میگیرد.
ENWhat does it stand for in plain English? It stands for what you see is all there is.
فارسیبه عنوان مثال، اگر من با یک فرد جدید ملاقات کنم و او یک کت و شلوار بسیار گرانقیمت بپوشد،
ENIt means our brain takes the tiny amount of information we have and builds a complete certain picture of reality, ignoring everything we don't know. For example, if I meet a new person and they are wearing a very expensive suit,
فارسیاین به این معناست که مغز ما مقدار کمی از اطلاعاتی که داریم را میگیرد و یک تصویر کامل و مطمئن از واقعیت میسازد و هر چیزی که نمیدانیم را نادیده میگیرد. به عنوان مثال، اگر با یک آدم جدید ملاقات کنم و او کتوشلوار بسیار گرانقیمتی پوشیده باشد،
ENmy System One might decide they are very intelligent and successful.
فارسیسیستم یک من ممکن است تصمیم بگیرد که او بسیار باهوش و موفق است.
ENExactly.
فارسیدقیقاً.
ENThat is a classic example of the halo effect.
فارسیاین یک مثال کلاسیک از اثر هالهای است.
ENI can see how this is a huge trap for English learners.
فارسیمیتوانم ببینم که این یک تله بزرگ برای زبانآموزان انگلیسی است.
ENTheir System One creates a story of inferiority that can be very damaging to their confidence.
فارسیسیستم یک آنها داستانی از حقارت ایجاد میکند که میتواند به اعتماد به نفس آنها آسیب بزند.
ENThey would realize that speaking fast is just a habit, not a measure of intelligence.
فارسیآنها متوجه میشوند که صحبت کردن سریع فقط یک عادت است، نه معیاری از هوش.
ENYes, but System Two is often taking a nap, so it just accepts the fast story
فارسیبله، اما سیستم دو اغلب در حال چرت زدن است، بنابراین فقط داستان سریع را از سیستم یک بدون پرسش قبول میکند.
ENfrom System One without questioning it. Let's talk about another trick our brain plays that marketers love to use.
فارسیبیایید درباره یک ترفند دیگر که مغز ما انجام میدهد و بازاریابان عاشق استفاده از آن هستند، صحبت کنیم. لنگر انداختن.
ENAnchoring. I have heard of this in business negotiations.
فارسیمن درباره این موضوع در مذاکرات تجاری شنیدهام.
ENIt is about the first number mentioned, right? Exactly.
فارسیاین درباره اولین عددی است که ذکر میشود، درست است؟ دقیقاً.
ENKahneman showed that the first piece of information we receive acts like a heavy anchor in our minds. If you walk into a boutique and see a watch that costs $2,000 and then you see one for $500, the second one feels like
فارسیکانمن نشان داد که اولین قطعه اطلاعاتی که دریافت میکنیم مانند یک لنگر سنگین در ذهن ما عمل میکند. اگر وارد یک بوتیک شوید و ساعتی ببینید که 2000 دلار قیمت دارد و سپس ساعتی برای 500 دلار ببینید، دومی به نظر میرسد
ENa massive bargain. But if you had seen a $50 watch first, the $500 one would seem incredibly expensive and overpriced.
فارسییک معامله بزرگ. اما اگر اول یک ساعت ۵۰ دلاری دیده بودید، ساعت ۵۰۰ دلاری به طرز باورنکردنی گران و قیمتبالا به نظر میرسید.
ENOur brain doesn't look at the absolute value of the object. It only looks at the relative value compared to that first anchor.
فارسیمغز ما به ارزش مطلق شیء نگاه نمیکند. فقط به ارزش نسبی در مقایسه با آن اولین لنگر نگاه میکند.
ENSo our environment is constantly priming our brains to think in certain ways without us even realizing it. It is happening every single second.
فارسیبنابراین محیط ما به طور مداوم مغزمان را برای فکر کردن به روشهای خاصی آماده میکند بدون اینکه حتی متوجه شویم. در هر ثانیه اتفاق میافتد.
ENThe words we hear, the music in a shop, even the temperature
فارسیکلماتی که میشنویم، موسیقی یک فروشگاه، حتی دما
ENof the room can pull our anchors in different directions.
فارسیاتاق میتواند لنگرهای ما را به جهات مختلف بکشد.
ENThis is why it is so important to be intentional about the English environment we create for ourselves.
فارسیبه همین دلیل بسیار مهم است که در مورد محیط انگلیسی که برای خودمان ایجاد میکنیم آگاهانه عمل کنیم.
ENIf you only listen to news reports about how difficult and impossible English is, your anchor for your own potential will be very low and you will feel like you are failing because your brain has accepted a negative anchor as the truth. That is a very powerful point, Julia.
فارسیاگر فقط به گزارشهای خبری گوش میدهید که درباره سختی و غیرممکن بودن انگلیسی است، لنگر شما برای پتانسیل خودتان بسیار پایین خواهد بود و احساس میکنید که شکست خوردهاید چون مغزتان یک لنگر منفی را به عنوان حقیقت پذیرفته است. این یک نکته بسیار قوی است، جولیا.
ENBy slowing
فارسیبا کند کردن
ENdown and choosing slow English, you are setting a new realistic and positive anchor for your brain.
فارسیو انتخاب انگلیسی آرام، شما یک لنگر جدید واقعگرایانه و مثبت برای مغز خود تعیین میکنید.
ENIt allows System 2 to feel comfortable and safe instead of constantly stressed by high pressure anchors.
فارسیاین به سیستم دو اجازه میدهد که احساس راحتی و امنیت کند به جای اینکه دائماً تحت فشار لنگرهای سنگین باشد.
ENPart 5.
فارسیقسمت 5.
ENLoss Aversion.
فارسیاجتناب از زیان.
ENWhy we fear change.
فارسیچرا از تغییر میترسیم.
ENNow we come to perhaps the most famous discovery in the book.
فارسیحالا به احتمال زیاد به مشهورترین کشف در این کتاب میرسیم.
ENLoss Aversion.
فارسیاجتناب از زیان.
ENThis is the idea that the pain of losing is much stronger than the joy of gaining, isn't it?
فارسیاین ایده است که درد از دست دادن بسیار قویتر از شادی به دست آوردن است، درست است؟
ENPrecisely.
فارسیدقیقاً.
ENFor most humans, the
فارسیبرای اکثر انسانها،
ENemotional pain of losing $100 is twice as powerful as the joy of finding $100.
فارسیدرد احساسی از دست دادن 100 دلار دو برابر قویتر از شادی پیدا کردن 100 دلار است.
ENEvolutionarily, that makes a lot of sense.
فارسیاز نظر تکاملی، این کاملاً منطقی است.
ENLosing your only food was a death sentence while finding extra food was just a bonus.
فارسیاز دست دادن تنها غذای شما یک حکم مرگ بود در حالی که پیدا کردن غذای اضافی فقط یک پاداش بود.
ENIt was a perfect survival strategy for the jungle but it can be a disaster for personal growth in the modern world.
فارسیاین یک استراتژی بقا عالی برای جنگل بود اما میتواند برای رشد شخصی در دنیای مدرن فاجعهبار باشد.
ENHow does this specifically affect someone trying to improve their life or their English skills?
فارسیاین به طور خاص چگونه بر کسی که سعی در بهبود زندگی یا مهارتهای زبان انگلیسی خود دارد تأثیر میگذارد؟
ENIt makes us risk averse.
فارسیاین ما را از ریسکپذیری دور میکند.
ENWe stay in bad jobs or keep using inefficient study methods because we are terrified of what we might lose if we change. Think about a student who is afraid to participate in a group discussion in English.
فارسیما در شغلهای بد میمانیم یا از روشهای مطالعه ناکارآمد استفاده میکنیم زیرا از آنچه ممکن است با تغییر از دست بدهیم، وحشت داریم. به یک دانشآموز فکر کنید که از شرکت در یک بحث گروهی به زبان انگلیسی میترسد.
ENThey aren't thinking about the gain of practice. They are only thinking about the potential loss of their dignity if they make a mistake.
فارسیاو به جای فکر کردن به مزایای تمرین، فقط به احتمال از دست دادن آبرویش در صورت اشتباه فکر میکند.
ENExactly. System 1 is shouting danger because it perceives a mistake as a loss of social status.
فارسیدقیقاً. سیستم یک فریاد میزند خطر زیرا یک اشتباه را به عنوان از دست دادن موقعیت اجتماعی درک میکند.
ENAnd
فارسیو
ENsince System 2 is lazy, it doesn't step in to say, Hey, making a mistake is actually the only way to gain fluency. We have to consciously reframe these situations to trick our brain into seeing the gain instead of the loss.
فارسیاز آنجایی که سیستم دو تنبل است، وارد عمل نمیشود تا بگوید، "هی، اشتباه کردن در واقع تنها راه برای به دست آوردن تسلط است." ما باید به طور آگاهانه این موقعیتها را دوباره فرموله کنیم تا مغز خود را فریب دهیم تا به جای از دست دادن، به دست آوردن را ببیند.
ENPart 6 The Battle of the Two Selves Kahneman also explores a very strange internal conflict between what he calls the experiencing self and the remembering self. Wait, are you saying we have two different versions of our
فارسیقسمت ۶: نبرد دو خود. کانمن همچنین یک تعارض درونی بسیار عجیب را بررسی میکند بین آنچه که او خود تجربهکننده و خود بهیادآورنده مینامد. صبر کنید، آیا میگویید ما دو نسخه مختلف از خود داریم
ENown identity living inside our memories? In a way, yes.
فارسیهویت خودمان را در داخل خاطراتمان؟ به نوعی، بله.
ENThe experiencing self is the one who lives strictly in the present moment. That is the self that feels the heat, the cold, or the joy of a conversation right now.
فارسیخود تجربهکننده کسی است که کاملاً در لحظه حال زندگی میکند. این همان خودی است که گرما، سرما، یا شادی یک مکالمه را همین لحظه احساس میکند.
ENExactly. But here is the truly shocking part discovered in the book.
فارسیدقیقاً. اما اینجاست که قسمت واقعاً شگفتانگیز کشف شده در کتاب وجود دارد.
ENThe remembering self is the one who makes all of your future decisions. That sounds very unfair to the version of us that actually has to live
فارسیخود به یادآورنده کسی است که تمام تصمیمات آینده شما را میگیرد. این به نظر بسیار ناعادلانه است برای نسخهای از ما که واقعاً باید
ENthrough the experience. It is unfair because the remembering self follows a very specific rule called the peak end rule.
فارسیاز این تجربه عبور کند. این ناعادلانه است زیرا خود به یادآورنده یک قانون بسیار خاص به نام قانون اوج-پایان را دنبال میکند.
ENI think I have heard of this in psychology articles. It means we only remember the most intense moment and the very last moment of an event.
فارسیفکر میکنم در مقالات روانشناسی درباره این موضوع شنیدهام. این به این معنی است که ما فقط شدیدترین لحظه و آخرین لحظه یک رویداد را به یاد میآوریم.
ENPrecisely. You could have a two-week vacation where thirteen days were absolutely perfect and full of sunshine.
فارسیدقیقاً. شما میتوانید یک تعطیلات دو هفتهای داشته باشید که سیزده روز آن کاملاً عالی و پر از آفتاب باشد.
ENBut if you lose your passport on the very last day, your remembering self will label
فارسیاما اگر در آخرین روز گذرنامهتان را گم کنید، خود به یادآورنده شما
ENthe entire trip as a disaster. Exactly.
فارسیکل سفر را به عنوان یک فاجعه برچسبگذاری میکند. دقیقاً.
ENIt completely ignores the long duration of the happiness and focuses only on the painful ending. This explains why some people have one bad experience in an English class and decide they hate the language for the rest of their lives.
فارسیبه طور کامل مدت طولانی خوشحالی را نادیده میگیرد و فقط بر پایان دردناک تمرکز میکند. این توضیح میدهد که چرا برخی از افراد یک تجربه بد در یک کلاس زبان انگلیسی دارند و تصمیم میگیرند که برای بقیه عمرشان از این زبان متنفر باشند.
ENTheir remembering self has created a negative story based on one peak of embarrassment. They are ignoring all the small wins and the hours of successful learning they had before that moment.
فارسیخود به یادآورنده آنها یک داستان منفی بر اساس یک اوج خجالت ایجاد کرده است. آنها تمام پیروزیهای کوچک و ساعتهای یادگیری موفقی که قبل از آن لحظه داشتند را نادیده میگیرند.
ENWe need to be much more kind to our experiencing self by reminding our memory of the good moments. We do.
فارسیما باید بسیار مهربانتر با خود تجربهکنندهمان باشیم و به یادآوری لحظات خوب کمک کنیم.
ENWe need to realize that the stories our memory tells us are often biased and missing the full picture. So we should intentionally celebrate the end of our study sessions to create a better memory?
فارسیما باید درک کنیم که داستانهایی که حافظهمان به ما میگوید، اغلب مغرضانه و ناقص هستند.
ENThat is a brilliant practical application for our friends listening. Always end your English practice with something you enjoy so your remembering self wants
فارسیبنابراین باید بهطور عمدی پایان جلسات مطالعهمان را جشن بگیریم تا یک حافظه بهتر ایجاد کنیم؟ این یک کاربرد عملی فوقالعاده برای دوستانمان است که گوش میدهند.
ENto come back tomorrow. Part 7 The Availability Trap Why do we believe some things are very common while we think others are very rare?
فارسیهمیشه تمرین زبان انگلیسی خود را با چیزی که از آن لذت میبرید به پایان برسانید تا خود به یادآورنده شما بخواهد فردا برگردد. قسمت 7: تله در دسترس بودن.
ENIs it because we have looked at the statistics and the data like a scientist? Almost never.
فارسیچرا برخی چیزها را بسیار رایج میدانیم در حالی که برخی دیگر را بسیار نادر؟ آیا به این دلیل است که ما مانند یک دانشمند به آمار و دادهها نگاه کردهایم؟ تقریباً هرگز.
ENIt is usually because of a shortcut called the availability heuristic. That is a very technical term for a podcast.
فارسیمعمولاً به دلیل یک میانبر به نام قاعده در دسترس بودن است.
ENWhat does it mean for a normal person in their daily life? It means that if you can
فارسیاین یک اصطلاح بسیار فنی برای یک پادکست است. این برای یک فرد عادی در زندگی روزمره چه معنایی دارد؟ این به این معنی است که اگر شما بتوانید
ENremember an example of something easily, your brain decides that it must be very important.
فارسیبه راحتی یک مثال از چیزی را به یاد بیاورید، مغز شما تصمیم میگیرد که آن باید بسیار مهم باشد.
ENThis is why people are often more afraid of flying in a plane than they are of driving a car to the supermarket.
فارسیبه همین دلیل است که مردم معمولاً از پرواز در هواپیما بیشتر از رانندگی به سوپرمارکت میترسند.
ENExactly.
فارسیدقیقاً.
ENA plane crash is a loud, dramatic, and vivid story that stays in your memory easily.
فارسیسقوط هواپیما یک داستان بلند، دراماتیک و زنده است که به راحتی در حافظه شما باقی میماند.
ENWhile car accidents happen every day and are rarely reported as big, dramatic news stories.
فارسیدر حالی که تصادفات خودرو هر روز اتفاق میافتند و به ندرت به عنوان اخبار بزرگ و دراماتیک گزارش میشوند.
ENBecause the plane story is more available in your mind,
فارسیزیرا داستان هواپیما در ذهن شما بیشتر در دسترس است،
ENsystem one assumes it is a much bigger risk. I see this happen with English learners when they think about their mistakes.
فارسیسیستم یک فرض میکند که این یک ریسک بزرگتر است. من این را در زبانآموزان انگلیسی میبینم وقتی که به اشتباهات خود فکر میکنند.
ENThey remember that one time they used the wrong word and someone looked confused. That memory is so available and loud that they think they make mistakes every time they open their mouth.
فارسیآنها به یاد میآورند که یک بار از کلمه نادرست استفاده کردند و کسی گیج به نظر رسید.
ENEven if they have spoken perfectly for the last three hours, that one loud memory dominates their thinking. We are essentially victims of what is
فارسیآن حافظه آنقدر در دسترس و بلند است که فکر میکنند هر بار که دهانشان را باز میکنند، اشتباه میکنند. حتی اگر آنها به مدت سه ساعت بهطور کامل صحبت کرده باشند، آن یک حافظه بلند بر تفکر آنها تسلط دارد.
ENmost vivid and emotional in our minds.
فارسیما بهطور اساسی قربانی آنچه هستیم که در ذهن ما زنده و احساسیتر است.
ENSo we have to use system two to look at the actual evidence instead of just our loudest memories.
فارسیبنابراین ما باید از سیستم دو استفاده کنیم تا به شواهد واقعی نگاه کنیم به جای اینکه فقط به بلندترین خاطراتمان توجه کنیم.
ENYes, we must ask ourselves if we are remembering the truth or just the most dramatic story.
فارسیبله، ما باید از خود بپرسیم که آیا حقیقت را به یاد میآوریم یا فقط دراماتیکترین داستان را.
ENPart 8 The planning fallacy and overconfidence.
فارسیقسمت 8: خطای برنامهریزی و اعتماد به نفس بیش از حد.
ENHave you ever noticed that a project at work always takes twice as long as you originally thought?
فارسیآیا تا به حال متوجه شدهاید که یک پروژه در محل کار همیشه دو برابر زمانی که در ابتدا فکر میکردید طول میکشد؟
ENEvery single time.
فارسیهر بار.
ENI think I can finish a task in one
فارسیفکر میکنم میتوانم یک کار را در یک ساعت تمام کنم، اما
ENhour, but it always takes three or four. Kahneman calls this the planning fallacy and it is a symptom of our natural overconfidence.
فارسیهمیشه سه یا چهار ساعت طول میکشد. کانمن این را خطای برنامهریزی مینامد و این یک نشانه از اعتماد به نفس طبیعی ماست.
ENWe are very bad at predicting the future because we only look at the best case scenario. We ignore all the possible delays, mistakes, and interruptions that are guaranteed to happen.
فارسیما در پیشبینی آینده بسیار بد هستیم زیرا فقط به بهترین سناریو نگاه میکنیم.
ENThis is why so many people give up on their goals, like learning a new language or starting a fitness routine. They plan based on their
فارسیما تمام تأخیرها، اشتباهات و وقفههای ممکن که قطعاً اتفاق میافتند را نادیده میگیریم. به همین دلیل است که بسیاری از مردم از اهداف خود، مانند یادگیری یک زبان جدید یا شروع یک روال ورزشی، دست میکشند.
ENsystem one excitement, which tells them they can be fluent in three months. And when reality doesn't match that fast story, they feel like they have failed personally.
فارسیآنها بر اساس هیجان سیستم یک خود برنامهریزی میکنند که به آنها میگوید میتوانند در سه ماه مسلط شوند. و وقتی واقعیت با آن داستان سریع مطابقت ندارد، احساس میکنند که شخصاً شکست خوردهاند.
ENIf we use system two to look at how long it actually took other people, we would have much more realistic expectations. But looking at data is boring and slow, so we prefer to listen to our own optimistic illusions.
فارسیاگر از سیستم دو استفاده کنیم تا ببینیم دیگران چقدر طول کشیده است، انتظارات واقعگرایانهتری خواهیم داشت.
ENWe also suffer from the sunk cost fallacy, where we keep doing
فارسیاما نگاه کردن به دادهها خستهکننده و کند است، بنابراین ما ترجیح میدهیم به توهمات خوشبینانه خود گوش دهیم.
ENsomething just because we have already invested time. Like finishing a terrible book or staying in a class that isn't helping us learn at all.
فارسیما همچنین از خطای هزینه غرق شده رنج میبریم، جایی که ما به انجام کاری ادامه میدهیم فقط به این دلیل که قبلاً زمان سرمایهگذاری کردهایم. مانند تمام کردن یک کتاب بد یا ماندن در کلاسی که به ما کمک نمیکند اصلاً یاد بگیریم.
ENOur brain hates the idea of wasting what we already spend, so it forces us to waste even more time. It is so important to recognize when we are just throwing good time after bad time.
فارسیمغز ما از ایده هدر دادن آنچه که قبلاً خرج کردهایم متنفر است، بنابراین ما را مجبور میکند زمان بیشتری را هدر دهیم.
ENSometimes the most logical thing to do is to stop and start something new. Part nine, creating friction for
فارسیبسیار مهم است که تشخیص دهیم چه زمانی فقط در حال هدر دادن زمان خوب بعد از زمان بد هستیم. گاهی اوقات منطقیترین کار این است که متوقف شویم و چیزی جدید شروع کنیم.
ENbetter decisions. So the big question is, how do we actually start thinking slower in a world that is moving so fast?
فارسیقسمت 9: ایجاد اصطکاک برای تصمیمات بهتر.
ENIt sounds like we need to create some friction in our decision making process. That is the perfect word.
فارسیبنابراین سوال بزرگ این است که چگونه میتوانیم واقعاً در دنیایی که به سرعت در حال حرکت است، کندتر فکر کنیم؟ به نظر میرسد که ما باید مقداری اصطکاک در فرآیند تصمیمگیری خود ایجاد کنیم. این کلمه کاملاً مناسبی است.
ENFriction is what slows down a car and we need it for our brains. One way to do this is to simply wait before you speak or make a big purchase.
فارسیاصطکاک چیزی است که یک ماشین را کند میکند و ما به آن برای مغزهای خود نیاز داریم.
ENKahneman suggests that we should always question our
فارسییکی از راههای انجام این کار این است که قبل از صحبت کردن یا انجام یک خرید بزرگ، فقط صبر کنید.
ENfirst impressions.
فارسیکانمن پیشنهاد میکند که همیشه باید به اولین برداشتهای خود شک کنیم.
ENWhen you feel that sudden gut feeling or strong certainty about something, that is your signal to stop.
فارسیوقتی که آن احساس ناگهانی یا قطعیت قوی درباره چیزی را احساس میکنید، این علامت شماست که متوقف شوید.
ENAsk yourself, what would happen if the opposite of this thought were true?
فارسیاز خود بپرسید، اگر عکس این فکر درست باشد، چه اتفاقی میافتد؟
ENThis forces system two to wake up and start looking for evidence in the real world.
فارسیاین سیستم دو را وادار میکند که بیدار شود و به دنبال شواهد در دنیای واقعی باشد.
ENAnother technique is called the pre-mortem, where you imagine a project has already failed in the future.
فارسییک تکنیک دیگر به نام پیشمرگ وجود دارد، جایی که شما تصور میکنید یک پروژه در آینده شکست خورده است.
ENThat is brilliant.
فارسیاین فوقالعاده است.
ENIt allows you to see the risks before they become real
فارسیاین به شما اجازه میدهد قبل از اینکه مشکلات واقعی امروز شوند، ریسکها را ببینید.
ENproblems today. It turns your overconfidence into a useful tool for planning.
فارسیاین اعتماد به نفس شما را به ابزاری مفید برای برنامهریزی تبدیل میکند.
ENAnd finally, we should accept that we will never be perfectly logical creatures like computers. We are humans and our biases are part of our identity and our history.
فارسیو در نهایت، ما باید بپذیریم که هرگز موجودات منطقی کاملی مانند کامپیوترها نخواهیم بود.
ENBut being aware of the machine is the first step to mastering it. Every time you pause to think, you are exercising your system too and becoming a more intelligent learner.
فارسیما انسان هستیم و تعصبات ما بخشی از هویت و تاریخ ما هستند. اما آگاهی از ماشین، اولین قدم برای تسلط بر آن است.
ENPart 10 conclusion of the journey. Julia, it
فارسیهر بار که شما برای فکر کردن مکث میکنید، در حال تمرین سیستم دو خود هستید و به یک یادگیرنده باهوشتر تبدیل میشوید.
ENhas been an incredible journey through the mind of Daniel Kahneman today. I feel like I am walking away with a much clearer understanding of why I make mistakes.
فارسیقسمت 10: نتیجهگیری سفر. جولیا، امروز یک سفر فوقالعاده از طریق ذهن دانیل کانمن بوده است.
ENWe hope this episode helps you recognize the two characters living in your own head every day. Remember that thinking slow is not a weakness.
فارسیاحساس میکنم با درک بسیار واضحتری از اینکه چرا اشتباه میکنم، از اینجا میروم. امیدواریم این قسمت به شما کمک کند تا دو شخصیت را که هر روز در سر خود دارید، شناسایی کنید. به یاد داشته باشید که کند فکر کردن یک ضعف نیست.
ENIt is a sign of wisdom and mental strength. By giving your logical mind the time it needs, you are opening the door to better relationships
فارسیاین نشانهای از حکمت و قدرت ذهنی است. با دادن زمانی که ذهن منطقی شما نیاز دارد، در حال باز کردن در به سوی روابط بهتر و یادگیری بهتر هستید.
ENand better learning. Do not be afraid to be the person who stops and says, let me think about that for a moment.
فارسیاز اینکه فردی باشید که متوقف میشود و میگوید، بگذارید کمی فکر کنم، نترسید. آن یک جمله ساده میتواند شما را از سالها پشیمانی و ناامیدی نجات دهد.
ENThat one simple sentence can save you from years of regret and frustration. Thank you for spending this time with us in the English toolbox.
فارسیاز اینکه این زمان را با ما در جعبه ابزار انگلیسی گذراندید، متشکریم.
ENWe are so proud of the progress you are making by choosing to listen deeply to these concepts. Keep practicing, keep questioning your autopilot, and keep moving forward step by step.
فارسیما به پیشرفتهایی که با انتخاب عمیق گوش دادن به این مفاهیم میکنید، بسیار افتخار میکنیم. به تمرین ادامه دهید، به خودکار خود شک کنید و قدم به قدم به جلو حرکت کنید.
ENWe
فارسیما
ENwill see you in the next episode for more insights into your world and your English.
فارسیدر قسمت بعدی شما را برای بینشهای بیشتر درباره دنیای خود و زبان انگلیسیتان خواهیم دید.
ENThank you for listening.
فارسیاز اینکه گوش دادید، متشکریم.
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